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      Tolerancia de lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum (Raf.) Shinn.) a elevadas concentraciones de amonio en la solución nutritiva Translated title: Tolerance of lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum (Raf.) Shinn) to high ammonium concentrations in nutrient solution

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          Abstract

          Lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum (Raf.) Shinn.) es una especie ornamental que se cultiva para producir flores de corte o plantas en maceta y que tiene potencial de comercialización por su variedad de colores. El uso de la tecnología de cultivos sin suelo en las especies ornamentales permite definir y precisar la demanda y los niveles óptimos de nutrición. En el presente estudio se planteó el objetivo de evaluar el efecto de la relación NO3-:NH4+ en la solución nutritiva, manteniendo constante la concentración total de nitrógeno, para definir la máxima tolerancia al NH4+ en función de la etapa fenológica. Las soluciones que se estudiaron consistieron en cuatro relaciones de NO3-:NH4+: 100:0, 75:25, 50:50 y 25:75%. La mayoría de las variables respuesta evaluadas permitió definir una relación óptima de NO3-:NH4+ entre los 75:25 y 50:50% en la fase vegetativa y reproductiva, intervalo que en la mayoría de especies vegetales serian toxicas a estos niveles de NH4+. Lo anterior fue observado en parámetros como la altura de planta, el diámetro de tallo, el área foliar y peso seco total de planta. La concentración excesiva de NH4+ (75%) provocó una disminución en la altura de la planta, diámetro de flor y peso seco total de la planta. El aumento de la proporción de NH4+ estuvo relacionado a un incremento de las concentraciones de N, P, K Ca y Mg en la hoja y tallo, pero en la flor fue menos marcada para K y Mg. La extracción estos macronutrimentos presentó la misma tendencia.

          Translated abstract

          Lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum (Raf.) Shinn) is an ornamental species grown to produce cut flowers or potted plants and has a trade potential for its variety of colors. The use of soilless cultivation technology in ornamental species allows defining and clarifying the demand and optimal levels of nutrition. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of the relationship NO3-: NH4+ in the nutrient solution, keeping constant total concentration of nitrogen to define the maximum tolerance to NH4+ in function of the phenological stage. The solutions under study consisted on four ratios of NO3-: NH4+: 100: 0, 75:25, 50:50 and 25: 75%. Most variables responses allowed defining an optimal ratio of NO3-: NH4+ between 75:25 and 50: 50% in vegetative and reproductive stage, interval that in most plant species would be toxic at these levels of NH4+. This was observed in parameters such as plant height, stem diameter, leaf area and total dry weight of plant. Excessive concentration of NH4+ (75%) caused a reduction in plant height, flower diameter, and total dry weight of plant. The increase in ratio of NH4+ was associated with increased concentrations of N, P, K, Ca and Mg in leaf and stem, but in flower was less marked for K and Mg. The extraction of these macronutrients showed the same trend.

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          NH4+ toxicity in higher plants: a critical review

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            A universal method for preparing nutrient solutions of a certain desired composition

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              A holistic view of nitrogen acquisition in plants.

              Nitrogen (N) is the mineral nutrient required in the greatest amount and its availability is a major factor limiting growth and development of plants. As sessile organisms, plants have evolved different strategies to adapt to changes in the availability and distribution of N in soils. These strategies include mechanisms that act at different levels of biological organization from the molecular to the ecosystem level. At the molecular level, plants can adjust their capacity to acquire different forms of N in a range of concentrations by modulating the expression and function of genes in different N uptake systems. Modulation of plant growth and development, most notably changes in the root system architecture, can also greatly impact plant N acquisition in the soil. At the organism and ecosystem levels, plants establish associations with diverse microorganisms to ensure adequate nutrition and N supply. These different adaptive mechanisms have been traditionally discussed separately in the literature. To understand plant N nutrition in the environment, an integrated view of all pathways contributing to plant N acquisition is required. Towards this goal, in this review the different mechanisms that plants utilize to maintain an adequate N supply are summarized and integrated.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                remexca
                Revista mexicana de ciencias agrícolas
                Rev. Mex. Cienc. Agríc
                Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (Texcoco, Estado de México, Mexico )
                2007-0934
                May 2015
                : 6
                : 3
                : 467-482
                Affiliations
                [01] Cuernavaca Morelos orgnameUniversidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias México voscar66@ 123456yahoo.com.mx
                [02] Saltillo Coahuila orgnameUniversidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro orgdiv1Departamento de Horticultura México luisalonso_valdez@ 123456uaaan.mx
                [03] Cuernavaca Morelos orgnameUniversidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias Químicas e Ingeniería México hernandez865@ 123456hotmail.com
                Article
                S2007-09342015000300003 S2007-0934(15)00600300003
                fa2a93b6-db97-403b-a94e-467c793a287a

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : December 2014
                : February 2015
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 30, Pages: 16
                Product

                SciELO Mexico

                Categories
                Artículos

                solución nutritiva,toxicity,tezontle,ornamental,nutrient solution,nutrition,nitrate /ammonium,toxicidad,ornamentales,nutrición,nitrato/amonio

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