Detection of Salmonella spp in commercial eggs in Iran

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Abstract

Background and Objective:

Salmonellosis can be acquired through consumption of infected raw or undercooked eggs. The aim of this study was isolation and identification of Salmonella spp from the eggshells and the egg contents samples of Tabriz retails.

Methods:

A total number of 150 samples of eggs were analyzed for the presence of Salmonella spp. using conventional culture method and multiplex-PCR.

Results:

Two (1.33%) out of 150 samples from eggshells were determined as contaminated with Salmonella spp. Salmonella spp was not isolated from the egg contents. Salmonella serovar was determined as enteritidis and typhimurium.

Conclusion:

The results of the present study provide the recent dataset of the prevalence of S. enteritidis and S. typhimurium in eggs at retail shops in the northwest of Iran. It is important to remember that control is required at all levels in the food chain and by separating cooked and raw.

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Most cited references 10

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Mechanisms of egg contamination by Salmonella Enteritidis.

Freddy Haesebrouck, Richard Ducatelle, Richard Gast … (2009)

Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) has been the major cause of the food-borne salmonellosis pandemic in humans over the last 20 years, during which contaminated hen's eggs were the most important vehicle of the infection. Eggs can be contaminated on the outer shell surface and internally. Internal contamination can be the result of penetration through the eggshell or by direct contamination of egg contents before oviposition, originating from infection of the reproductive organs. Once inside the egg, the bacteria need to cope with antimicrobial factors in the albumen and vitelline membrane before migration to the yolk can occur. It would seem that serotype Enteritidis has intrinsic characteristics that allow an epidemiological association with hen eggs that are still undefined. There are indications that SE survives the attacks with the help of antimicrobial molecules during the formation of the egg in the hen's oviduct and inside the egg. This appears to require a unique combination of genes encoding for improved cell wall protection and repairing cellular and molecular damage, among others.

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Salmonella Enteritidis Infections, United States, 1985–1999

Mary E. Patrick, Penny M. Adcock, Thomas Gomez … (2004)

Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis emerged as an important illness during the 1980s. Investigations showed that consumption of undercooked eggs was the major risk factor for disease, and a variety of prevention and control efforts were initiated during the 1990s. We describe sporadic infections and outbreaks of S. Enteritidis in the United States from 1985 through 1999 and discuss prevention and control efforts. After reaching a high of 3.9 per 100,000 population in 1995, S. Enteritidis infections declined to 1.98 per 100,000 in 1999. While the total number of outbreaks decreased by half, those in the western states tripled. Outbreaks of S. Enteritidis phage type 4 infections accounted for 49% of outbreaks in 1999. Outbreak-associated deaths in health facilities decreased from 14 in 1987 to 0 in 1999. Overall, rates of sporadic S. Enteritidis infection, outbreaks, and deaths have declined dramatically. For further reductions, control measures should continue to be applied along the entire farm-to-table continuum.

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Prevalence of Salmonella enterica in poultry and eggs in Uruguay during an epidemic due to Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis.

G Giossa, V Repiso, N Thomson … (2010)

Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) is frequently associated with food-borne disease worldwide. Poultry-derived products are a major source. An epidemic of human infection with S. Enteritidis occurred in Uruguay, and to evaluate the extent of poultry contamination, we conducted a nationwide survey over 2 years that included the analysis of sera from 5,751 birds and 12,400 eggs. Serological evidence of infection with Salmonella group O:9 was found in 24.4% of the birds. All positive sera were retested with a gm flagellum-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and based on these results, the national prevalence of S. Enteritidis infection was estimated to be 6.3%. Salmonellae were recovered from 58 of 620 pools made up of 20 eggs each, demonstrating a prevalence of at least 1 in every 214 eggs. Surprisingly, the majority of the isolates were not S. Enteritidis. Thirty-nine isolates were typed as S. Derby, 9 as S. Gallinarum, 8 as S. Enteritidis, and 2 as S. Panama. Despite the highest prevalence in eggs, S. Derby was not isolated from humans in the period of analysis, suggesting a low capacity to infect humans. Microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization analysis of S. Derby and S. Enteritidis revealed more than 350 genetic differences. S. Derby lacked pathogenicity islands 13 and 14, the fimbrial lpf operon, and other regions encoding metabolic functions. Several of these regions are present not only in serovar Enteritidis but also in all sequenced strains of S. Typhimurium, suggesting that these regions might be related to the capacity of Salmonella to cause food-borne disease.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Iran J Microbiol

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Iran J Microbiol

Journal ID (publisher-id): IJM

Journal ID (pmc): IJM

Title: Iranian Journal of Microbiology

Publisher: Tehran University of Medical Sciences

ISSN (Print): 2008-3289

ISSN (Electronic): 2008-4447

Publication date (Print): February 2015

Volume: 7

Issue: 1

Pages: 50-54

Affiliations

[1 ]Department of Food Hygiene and Aquatic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.

[2 ]Department of Epidemiology, Pasteur Instittue of Iran, Tehran, Iran.

[3 ]Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

[4 ]Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

Author notes

[* ]Corresponding author: Dr. Saber Esmaeili, Address:Department of Epidemiology, Pasteur Instittue of Iran, Tehran, Iran. 1316943551, Tel: +98 21 66496448, E-mail: dr.saberesmaeili@ 123456gmail.com

Article

Publisher ID: ijm-7-50

PMC ID: 4670468

PubMed ID: 26644874

SO-VID: fb064395-c588-4076-9d87-0a71eb1c0acb

License:

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported License which allows users to read, copy, distribute and make derivative works for non-commercial purposes from the material, as long as the author of the original work is cited properly.

Detection of Salmonella spp in commercial eggs in Iran

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Abstract

Background and Objective:

Methods:

Results:

Conclusion:

Related collections

European Journal of Microbiology and Immunology

Most cited references 10

Mechanisms of egg contamination by Salmonella Enteritidis.

Salmonella Enteritidis Infections, United States, 1985–1999

Prevalence of Salmonella enterica in poultry and eggs in Uruguay during an epidemic due to Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis.

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