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      Residual effects of composted sewage sludge on nitrogen cycling and plant metabolism in a no-till common bean-palisade grass-soybean rotation

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          Abstract

          Introduction and aims

          In the context of increasing population and decreasing soil fertility, food security is one of humanity’s greatest challenges. Large amounts of waste, such as sewage sludge, are produced annually, with their final disposal causing environmental pollution and hazards to human health. Sludge has high amounts of nitrogen (N), and, when safely recycled by applying it into the soil as composted sewage sludge (CSS), its residual effect may provide gradual N release to crops. A field study was conducted in the Brazilian Cerrado. The aims were to investigate the residual effect of successive applications of CSS as a source of N in the common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. BRS Estilo)-palisade grass ( Urochloa brizantha (A.Rich.) R.D. Webster)-soybean ( Glycine max L.) rotation under no-tillage. Additionally, N cycling was monitored through changes in N metabolism; the efficiency of biological N 2 fixation (BNF) and its implications for plant nutrition, development, and productivity, was also assessed.

          Methods

          The experiment consisted of a randomized complete block design comparing four CSS rates (10, 15, 20, and 25 Mg ha -1, wet basis) to a control treatment (without adding mineral or organic fertilizer) over two crop years. Multiple plant and soil analyses (plant development and crop yield, Falker chlorophyll index (FCI), enzymatic, biochemical, 15N natural abundance, was evaluated, root and shoot N accumulation, etc.) were evaluated.

          Results and discussion

          Results showed that CSS: i) maintained adequate N levels for all crops, increasing their productivity; ii) promoted efficient BNF, due to the stability of ureide metabolism in plants and increased protein content; iii) increased the nitrate content and the nitrate reductase activity in soybean; iv) affected urease activity and ammonium content due to changes in the plant’s urea metabolism; v) increased N accumulation in the aerial part of palisade grass. Composted sewage sludge can be used as an alternative source to meet crops’ N requirements, promoting productivity gains and N cycling through forage and improving N metabolism.

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          Most cited references91

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          A Rapid and Sensitive Method for the Quantitation of Microgram Quantities of Protein Utilizing the Principle of Protein-Dye Binding

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            The determination of amino-acids with ninhydrin

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              Rapid colorimetric determination of nitrate in plant tissue by nitration of salicylic acid1

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
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                Journal
                Front Plant Sci
                Front Plant Sci
                Front. Plant Sci.
                Frontiers in Plant Science
                Frontiers Media S.A.
                1664-462X
                20 October 2023
                2023
                : 14
                : 1281670
                Affiliations
                [1] 1 Department of Plant Protection, Rural Engineering, and Soils, São Paulo State University , Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil
                [2] 2 Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano , Rio Verde, GO, Brazil
                [3] 3 Center of Soils and Environmental Resources of the Campinas Agronomic Institute , Campinas, SP, Brazil
                [4] 4 Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, Universidade de São Paulo , Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
                [5] 5 Indian River Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida , Fort Pierce, FL, United States
                [6] 6 Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences , Haikou, China
                [7] 7 Department of Biology and Chemistry, California State University, Monterey Bay , Seaside, CA, United States
                [8] 8 Dipartimento di Architettura, Design e Urbanistica, Università Degli Studi di Sassari , Sassari, Italy
                [9] 9 Desertification Research Centre, Università Degli Studi di Sassari , Sassari, Italy
                [10] 10 Department of Agricultural Sciences, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University , Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
                Author notes

                Edited by: Sumera Anwar, Durham University, United Kingdom

                Reviewed by: Hanuman Singh Jatav, Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, India; Farinaz Vafadar, Isfahan University of Technology, Iran; Zafar Siddiq, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan

                *Correspondence: Thiago Assis Rodrigues Nogueira, tar.nogueira@ 123456unesp.br
                Article
                10.3389/fpls.2023.1281670
                10622979
                fc67a954-9099-4479-9c7d-659dc8e3197a
                Copyright © 2023 Silva, Camargos, Teixeira Filho, Souza, Coscione, Lavres, Abreu-Junior, He, Zhao, Jani, Capra and Nogueira

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

                History
                : 22 August 2023
                : 02 October 2023
                Page count
                Figures: 12, Tables: 1, Equations: 1, References: 94, Pages: 21, Words: 9981
                Funding
                The authors declare financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. This research was funded by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) (grant # 404815/2021-9). This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—Brasil (PROAP Program - AUXPE no. 2671/ 2022).
                Categories
                Plant Science
                Original Research
                Custom metadata
                Plant Nutrition

                Plant science & Botany
                biological n2 fixation,organic fertilizer,cover crops,urban waste,no-till
                Plant science & Botany
                biological n2 fixation, organic fertilizer, cover crops, urban waste, no-till

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