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      Exploring the therapeutic effects of yoga and its ability to increase quality of life

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          Abstract

          The objective of this study is to assess the findings of selected articles regarding the therapeutic effects of yoga and to provide a comprehensive review of the benefits of regular yoga practice. As participation rates in mind-body fitness programs such as yoga continue to increase, it is important for health care professionals to be informed about the nature of yoga and the evidence of its many therapeutic effects. Thus, this manuscript provides information regarding the therapeutic effects of yoga as it has been studied in various populations concerning a multitude of different ailments and conditions. Therapeutic yoga is defined as the application of yoga postures and practice to the treatment of health conditions and involves instruction in yogic practices and teachings to prevent reduce or alleviate structural, physiological, emotional and spiritual pain, suffering or limitations. Results from this study show that yogic practices enhance muscular strength and body flexibility, promote and improve respiratory and cardiovascular function, promote recovery from and treatment of addiction, reduce stress, anxiety, depression, and chronic pain, improve sleep patterns, and enhance overall well-being and quality of life.

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          Psychophysiologic effects of Hatha Yoga on musculoskeletal and cardiopulmonary function: a literature review.

          William Raub (2002)
          Yoga has become increasingly popular in Western cultures as a means of exercise and fitness training; however, it is still depicted as trendy as evidenced by an April 2001 Time magazine cover story on "The Power of Yoga." There is a need to have yoga better recognized by the health care community as a complement to conventional medical care. Over the last 10 years, a growing number of research studies have shown that the practice of Hatha Yoga can improve strength and flexibility, and may help control such physiological variables as blood pressure, respiration and heart rate, and metabolic rate to improve overall exercise capacity. This review presents a summary of medically substantiated information about the health benefits of yoga for healthy people and for people compromised by musculoskeletal and cardiopulmonary disease.
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            Yoga for depression: the research evidence.

            G Kirkwood, Karen Pilkington, Janet Richardson … (2005)
            Yoga-based interventions may prove to be an attractive option for the treatment of depression. The aim of this study is to systematically review the research evidence on the effectiveness of yoga for this indication. Searches of the major biomedical databases including MEDLINE, EMBASE, ClNAHL, PsycINFO and the Cochrane Library were conducted. Specialist complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) and the IndMED databases were also searched and efforts made to identify unpublished and ongoing research. Searches were conducted between January and June 2004. Relevant research was categorised by study type and appraised. Clinical commentaries were obtained for studies reporting clinical outcomes. Five randomised controlled trials were located, each of which utilised different forms of yoga interventions and in which the severity of the condition ranged from mild to severe. All trials reported positive findings but methodological details such as method of randomisation, compliance and attrition rates were missing. No adverse effects were reported with the exception of fatigue and breathlessness in participants in one study. No language restrictions were imposed on the searches conducted but no searches of databases in languages other than English were included. Overall, the initial indications are of potentially beneficial effects of yoga interventions on depressive disorders. Variation in interventions, severity and reporting of trial methodology suggests that the findings must be interpreted with caution. Several of the interventions may not be feasible in those with reduced or impaired mobility. Nevertheless, further investigation of yoga as a therapeutic intervention is warranted.
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              Randomized, controlled, six-month trial of yoga in healthy seniors: effects on cognition and quality of life.

              Barry S Oken, Daniel Zajdel, Shirley Kishiyama … (2015)
              There are potential benefits of mind-body techniques on cognitive function because the techniques involve an active attentional or mindfulness component, but this has not been fully explored. To determine the effect of yoga on cognitive function, fatigue, mood, and quality of life in seniors. Randomized, controlled trial comparing yoga, exercise, and wait-list control groups. One hundred thirty-five generally healthy men and women aged 65-85 years. Participants were randomized to 6 months of Hatha yoga class, walking exercise class, or wait-list control. Subjects assigned to classes also were asked to practice at home. Outcome assessments performed at baseline and after the 6-month period included a battery of cognitive measures focused on attention and alertness, the primary outcome measures being performance on the Stroop Test and a quantitative electroencephalogram (EEG) measure of alertness; SF-36 health-related quality of life; Profile of Mood States; Multi-Dimensional Fatigue Inventory; and physical measures related to the interventions. One hundred thirty-five subjects were recruited and randomized. Seventeen subjects did not finish the 6-month intervention. There were no effects from either of the active interventions on any of the cognitive and alertness outcome measures. The yoga intervention produced improvements in physical measures (eg, timed 1-legged standing, forward flexibility) as well as a number of quality-of-life measures related to sense of well-being and energy and fatigue compared to controls. There were no relative improvements of cognitive function among healthy seniors in the yoga or exercise group compared to the wait-list control group. Those in the yoga group showed significant improvement in quality-of-life and physical measures compared to exercise and wait-list control groups.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Int J Yoga
                Journal ID (publisher-id): IJY
                Title: International Journal of Yoga
                Publisher: Medknow Publications Pvt Ltd (India )
                ISSN (Print): 0973-6131
                ISSN (Electronic): 0973-6131
                Publication date (Print): Jul-Dec 2011
                Volume: 4
                Issue: 2
                Pages: 49-54
                Affiliations
                [1]Department of Health, Exercise Science and Recreation Management, The University of Mississippi, The Center for Health Behavior Research, 215 Turner Center, University, MS, USA
                Author notes
                Address for correspondence: Catherine Woodyard, PO Box 1670, University, MS 38677, USA. E-mail: cdwoodya@ 123456olemiss.edu
                Article
                Publisher ID: IJY-4-49
                DOI: 10.4103/0973-6131.85485
                PMC ID: 3193654
                PubMed ID: 22022122
                SO-VID: fd99d3e0-a19e-4e16-9bac-4495482a688d
                Copyright © Copyright: © International Journal of Yoga
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Categories
                Subject: Review Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Complementary & Alternative medicine
                Keywords: alternative therapy,pain,therapeutic yoga,depression,quality of life
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Complementary & Alternative medicine
                Keywords: alternative therapy, pain, therapeutic yoga, depression, quality of life

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