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      Immunogenicity of a killed Leishmania vaccine with saponin adjuvant in dogs

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          Abstract

          Cellular and humoral immune responses of dogs to a candidate vaccine, composed of Leishmania braziliensis promastigote protein plus saponin as adjuvant, have been investigated as a pre-requisite to understanding the mechanisms of immunogenicity against canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL). The candidate vaccine elicited strong antigenicity related to the increases of anti- Leishmania IgG isotypes, together with higher levels of lymphocytes, particularly of circulating CD8 + T-lymphocytes and Leishmania chagasi antigen-specific CD8 + T-lymphocytes. As indicated by the intense cell proliferation and increased nitric oxide production during in vitro stimulation by L. chagasi soluble antigens, the candidate vaccine elicited an immune activation status potentially compatible with effective control of the etiological agent of CVL.

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          Analysis of nitrate, nitrite, and [15N]nitrate in biological fluids.

          L Green, D A Wagner, J. Glogowski … (1982)
          Article 0 comments Cited 645 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Infectiousness in a cohort of brazilian dogs: why culling fails to control visceral leishmaniasis in areas of high transmission.

            Orin Courtenay, Rupert J. Quinnell, Lourdes Garcez … (2002)
            The elimination of seropositive dogs in Brazil has been used to control zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis but with little success. To elucidate the reasons for this, the infectiousness of 50 sentinel dogs exposed to natural Leishmania chagasi infection was assessed through time by xenodiagnosis with the sandfly vector, Lutzomyia longipalpis. Eighteen (43%) of 42 infected dogs became infectious after a median of 333 days in the field (105 days after seroconversion). Seven highly infectious dogs (17%) accounted for >80% of sandfly infections. There were positive correlations between infectiousness and anti-Leishmania immunoglobulin G, parasite detection by polymerase chain reaction, and clinical disease (logistic regression, r2=0.08-0.18). The sensitivity of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect currently infectious dogs was high (96%) but lower in the latent period (<63%), and specificity was low (24%). Mathematical modeling suggests that culling programs fail because of high incidence of infection and infectiousness, the insensitivity of the diagnostic test to detect infectious dogs, and time delays between diagnosis and culling.
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              Cooperation between CD4+ and CD8+ T cells: when, where, and how.

              Ronald N Germain, Flora Castellino (2005)
              Concepts of cell-cell interactions in adaptive immunity have alternated between the simple and the complex. The notion that one population of small, circulating lymphocytes is responsible for adaptive immunity was sequentially supplanted by the concept of separate T and B lymphocyte populations that cooperate to produce IgG antibody responses, by a three-cell model in which a myeloid APC initiates these cooperative lymphoid responses, by the recognition of T cell subsets, and by the idea that CD8+ T cell subset responses to graft antigens depend on CD4+ T cell subset activity. Simplicity was reintroduced with the revelation that CD8+ T cells can act independently of CD4+ T cells against acute viral infections. The pendulum has swung again toward complexity with recognition of the distinct and conjoint contributions of innate stimuli, APCs, NK and NKT cells, Tregs, and CD4+ helper T cells to CD8+ T cell behavior during acute and chronic infections or as memory cells. The renewed appreciation that multiple, sometimes rare cell types must communicate during cell-mediated immune responses has led to questions about how such interactions are orchestrated within organized lymphoid tissues. We review recent advances in deciphering the specific contribution of CD4+ T cells to physiologically useful CD8+ T cell responses, the signals involved in producing acute effectors versus long-lived memory cells, and the mechanisms underlying the cell-cell associations involved in delivery of such signals. We propose a model based on these new findings that may serve as a general paradigm for cellular interactions that occur in an inflamed lymph node during the initiation of immune responses.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Rodolfo Cordeiro Giunchetti
                Alexandre Barbosa Reis
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Vaccine
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Vaccine
                Title: Vaccine
                Publisher: Elsevier Ltd.
                ISSN (Print): 0264-410X
                ISSN (Electronic): 1873-2518
                Publication date PMC-release: 24 August 2007
                Publication date (Print): 1 November 2007
                Publication date (Electronic): 24 August 2007
                Volume: 25
                Issue: 44
                Pages: 7674-7686
                Affiliations
                [a ]Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas/NUPEB, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
                [b ]Laboratório de Imunologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
                [c ]Laboratório de Doença de Chagas, Instituto de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
                [d ]Núcleo se Pesquisa em Imunologia, Universidade Vale do Rio Doce, Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brazil
                [e ]Laboratório de Doença de Chagas, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas/NUPEB, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
                [f ]Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author at: Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Campus Universitário, Morro do Cruzeiro, 35.400-000, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Tel.: +55 31 3559 1694; fax: +55 31 3559 1680. alexreis@ 123456nupeb.ufop.br
                Article
                Publisher ID: S0264-410X(07)00925-5
                DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.08.009
                PMC ID: 7115514
                PubMed ID: 17913311
                SO-VID: fdf4d2d2-5fc1-4bd9-8739-1b2ae31f5432
                Copyright © Copyright © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
                License:

                Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.

                History
                Date received : 7 July 2007
                Date revision received : 2 August 2007
                Date accepted : 7 August 2007
                Categories
                Subject: Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Infectious disease & Microbiology
                Keywords: canine visceral leishmaniasis,saponin adjuvant,cell and humoral immune response
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Infectious disease & Microbiology
                Keywords: canine visceral leishmaniasis, saponin adjuvant, cell and humoral immune response

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