Short-term follow-up of masticatory adaptation after rehabilitation with an immediately loaded implant-supported prosthesis: a pilot assessment

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Abstract

Background

When teeth are extracted, sensory function is decreased by a loss of periodontal ligament receptions. When replacing teeth by oral implants, one hopes to restore the sensory feedback pathway as such to allow for physiological implant integration and optimized oral function with implant-supported prostheses. What remains to be investigated is how to adapt to different oral rehabilitations.

The purpose of this pilot study was to assess four aspects of masticatory adaptation after rehabilitation with an immediately loaded implant-supported prosthesis and to observe how each aspect will recover respectively.

Methods

Eight participants with complete dentures were enrolled. They received an implant-supported acrylic resin provisional bridge, 1 day after implant surgery. Masticatory adaptation was examined by assessing occlusal contact, approximate maximum bite force, masticatory efficiency of gum-like specimens, and food hardness perception.

Results

Occlusal contact and approximate maximum bite force were significantly increased 3 months after implant rehabilitation, with the bite force gradually building up to a 72% increase compared to baseline. Masticatory efficiency increased by 46% immediately after surgery, stabilizing at around 40% 3 months after implant rehabilitation. Hardness perception also improved, with a reduction of the error rate by 16% over time.

Conclusions

This assessment demonstrated masticatory adaptation immediately after implant rehabilitation with improvements noted up to 3 months after surgery and rehabilitation. It was also observed that, despite gradually improved bite force in all patients, masticatory efficiency and food hardness perception did not necessarily follow this tendency. The findings in this pilot may also be used to assess adaptation of oral function after implant rehabilitation by studying the combined outcome of four tests (occlusal contact, maximum bite force, masticatory efficiency, and food hardness perception).

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Most cited references 40

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Biting and chewing in overdentures, full dentures, and natural dentitions.

Heleen A. Slagter, Nicolaas J. G. Jansen, W Kalk … (2000)

It has been suggested that the provision of dental implants can improve the oral function of subjects with severely resorbed mandibles, possibly restoring function to the level experienced by satisfied wearers of conventional complete dentures. Nevertheless, a quantitative comparison has never been made and can be drawn from the literature only with difficulty, since studies differ greatly in methodology. To make such a comparison, we measured bite force and chewing efficiency by using identical methods in subjects with overdentures, complete full dentures, and natural dentitions. Our results indicated that bite forces achieved with overdentures on dental implants were between those achieved with artificial and natural dentitions. Chewing efficiency was significantly greater than that of subjects with full dentures (low mandible), but was still lower than that of subjects with full dentures (high mandible) and overdentures on bare roots. Differences in the height of the mandible revealed significant differences in chewing efficiency between the two full-denture groups. Furthermore, subjects with a shortened dental arch exerted bite forces similar to those of subjects with a complete-natural dentition, but their chewing efficiency was limited due to the reduced occlusal area. For all groups combined, a significant correlation was found between maximum bite force and chewing efficiency. Nearly half of the variation in chewing efficiency was explained by bite force alone.

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Determinants of masticatory performance in dentate adults.

J.P. Hatch, R.S.A Shinkai, S. Sakai … (2001)

Masticatory performance results from a complex interplay of direct and indirect effects, yet most studies employ univariate models. This study tested a multivariate model of masticatory performance for dentate subjects. Explanatory variables included number of functional tooth units, bite force, sex, age, masseter cross-sectional area, presence of temporomandibular disorders, and presence of diabetes mellitus. The population-based sample consisted of 631 dentate subjects aged 37-80 years. Covariance structure analysis showed that 68% of the variability in masticatory performance could be explained by the combined effects of the explanatory variables. Age and sex did not show a strong effect on masticatory performance, either directly or indirectly through masseter cross-sectional area, temporomandibular disorders, and bite force. Number of functional tooth units and bite force were confirmed as the key determinants of masticatory performance, which suggests that their maintenance may be of major importance for promoting healthful functional status.

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Adaptation of healthy mastication to factors pertaining to the individual or to the food.

K Foster, M-A Peyron, A Mishellany … (2006)

Mastication is a physiological process controlled by the central nervous system and modulated by inputs from the mouth. Both the intrinsic characteristics of the subject and the extrinsic characteristics of the chewed food are responsible for variations of the masticatory function. Age, gender and dental state constitute the most studied intrinsic factors whereas hardness, rheological characteristics such as plasticity or elasticity, and food size are the better known extrinsic factors. These factors cause physiological adaptations which can occur during individual cycles or the whole sequence of mastication. Electromyographic and jaw movements (kinematic) recordings are commonly used to study mastication, from which, several variables can be measured. Vertical and lateral amplitudes and, velocities of jaw movements, are only given by kinematic recordings. Bioelectrical activities per cycle or per sequence are closely linked to masticatory forces and are measured from electromyographic recordings. Number of cycles, sequence duration and masticatory frequency can be measured from both types of recordings. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of the variations of the measured masticatory variables that occur when mastication adapts to changes in characteristics of the individual or the food.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Mihoko Tanaka: +81-95-819-7692 , mihobonn@nagasaki-u.ac.jp

Collaert Bruno: +32 16 222990 , admin@paro-implanto.be

Reinhilde Jacobs: +32 16 332452 , reinhilde.jacobs@uzleuven.be

Tetsurou Torisu: +81-95-819-7692 , torisu@nagasaki-u.ac.jp

Hiroshi Murata: +81-95-819-7692 , hmurata@nagasaki-u.ac.jp

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Int J Implant Dent

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Int J Implant Dent

Title: International Journal of Implant Dentistry

Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg (Berlin/Heidelberg )

ISSN (Electronic): 2198-4034

Publication date (Electronic): 7 March 2017

Publication date PMC-release: 7 March 2017

Publication date Collection: December 2017

Volume: 3

Electronic Location Identifier: 8

Affiliations

[1 ]ISNI 0000 0000 8902 2273, GRID grid.174567.6, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, , Nagasaki University, ; 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8588 Japan

[2 ]Centre for Periodontology and Implantology Leuven, IJzerenmolenstraat 110, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium

[3 ]ISNI 0000 0001 0668 7884, GRID grid.5596.f, OMFS IMPATH, Department of Imaging & Pathology, , University of Leuven, ; Kapucijnenvoer 33, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium

[4 ]ISNI 0000 0004 0626 3338, GRID grid.410569.f, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, , University Hospitals Leuven, ; Kapucijnenvoer 33, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium

Article

Publisher ID: 70

DOI: 10.1186/s40729-017-0070-x

PMC ID: 5340790

PubMed ID: 28271438

SO-VID: fe65592c-a4f1-40b3-8c95-d0536a08864e

License:

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

History

Date received : 24 October 2016

Date accepted : 23 February 2017

Funding

Funded by: JSPS Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research

Award ID: 23592860

Award Recipient : Mihoko Tanaka

Custom metadata

Keywords: physiologic adaptation,masticatory function,immediate loading,dental implants

Data availability:

Keywords: physiologic adaptation, masticatory function, immediate loading, dental implants

Short-term follow-up of masticatory adaptation after rehabilitation with an immediately loaded implant-supported prosthesis: a pilot assessment

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Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

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Journal of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences

Most cited references 40

Biting and chewing in overdentures, full dentures, and natural dentitions.

Determinants of masticatory performance in dentate adults.

Adaptation of healthy mastication to factors pertaining to the individual or to the food.

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