Mosquito bites and stage-specific antibody responses against <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> in southern Ghana

There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

Abstract

Background

The human host elicits specific immune responses after exposure to various life stages of the malaria parasite as well as components of mosquito saliva injected into the host during a mosquito bite. This study describes differences in IgG responses against antigens derived from the sporozoite (PfCSP), asexual stage parasite (PfEBA175) and the gametocyte (Pfs230), in addition to an Anopheles gambiae salivary gland antigen (gSG6-P1), in two communities in Ghana with similar blood stage malaria parasite prevalence.

Methods

This study used archived plasma samples collected from an earlier cross-sectional study that enrolled volunteers aged from 6 months to 70 years from Simiw, peri-urban community (N = 347) and Obom, rural community (N = 291). An archived thick and thin blood smear for microscopy was used for the estimation of Plasmodium parasite density and species and DNA extraction from blood spots and P. falciparum confirmation was performed using PCR. This study used the stored plasma samples to determine IgG antibody levels to P. falciparum and Anopheles salivary antigens using indirect ELISA.

Results

Individuals from Simiw had significantly higher levels of IgG against mosquito gSG6-P1 [median (95%CI)] [2.590 (2.452–2.783) ng/mL] compared to those from Obom [2.119 (1.957–2.345) ng/mL], p < 0.0001. Both IgG responses against Pfs230proC (p = 0.0006), and PfCSP (p = 0.002) were significantly lower in volunteers from Simiw compared to the participants from Obom. The seroprevalence of PfEBA-175.5R (p = 0.8613), gSG6-P1 (p = 0.0704), PfCSP (p = 0.7798) IgG were all similar in Obom and Simiw. However, Pfs230 seroprevalence was significantly higher at Obom compared to Simiw (p = 0.0006). Spearman correlation analysis showed no significant association between IgG responses against gSG6-P1, PfCSP, Pfs230proC and PfEBA-175.5R and parasite density at both Obom and Simiw (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

In conclusion, the study showed that participants from Simiw had higher concentrations of circulating gSG6-P1 IgG antibodies but lower concentrations of P. falciparum antibodies, PfCSP IgG and Pfs230proC IgG compared to participants from Obom.

Supplementary Information

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12936-023-04557-8.

Related collections

Most cited references 40

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: found

Is Open Access

Outdoor host seeking behaviour of Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes following initiation of malaria vector control on Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea

Michael Reddy, Hans Overgaard, Simon Abaga … (2011)

Background Indoor-based anti-vector interventions remain the preferred means of reducing risk of malaria transmission in malaria endemic areas around the world. Despite demonstrated success in reducing human-mosquito interactions, these methods are effective solely against endophilic vectors. It may be that outdoor locations serve as an important venue of host seeking by Anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.) mosquitoes where indoor vector suppression measures are employed. This paper describes the host seeking activity of anopheline mosquito vectors in the Punta Europa region of Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea. In this area, An. gambiae sensu stricto (s.s.) is the primary malaria vector. The goal of the paper is to evaluate the importance of An gambiae s.l. outdoor host seeking behaviour and discuss its implications for anti-vector interventions. Methods The venue and temporal characteristics of host seeking by anopheline vectors in a hyperendemic setting was evaluated using human landing collections conducted inside and outside homes in three villages during both the wet and dry seasons in 2007 and 2008. Additionally, five bi-monthly human landing collections were conducted throughout 2009. Collections were segregated hourly to provide a time distribution of host-seeking behaviour. Results Surprisingly high levels of outdoor biting by An. gambiae senso stricto and An. melas vectors were observed throughout the night, including during the early evening and morning hours when human hosts are often outdoors. As reported previously, An. gambiae s.s. is the primary malaria vector in the Punta Europa region, where it seeks hosts outdoors at least as much as it does indoors. Further, approximately 40% of An. gambiae s.l. are feeding at times when people are often outdoors, where they are not protected by IRS or LLINs. Repeated sampling over two consecutive dry-wet season cycles indicates that this result is independent of seasonality. Conclusions An. gambiae s.l. mosquitoes currently seek hosts in outdoor venues as much as indoors in the Punta Europa region of Bioko Island. This contrasts with an earlier pre-intervention observation of exclusive endophagy of An. gambiae in this region. In light of this finding, it is proposed that the long term indoor application of insecticides may have resulted in an adaptive shift toward outdoor host seeking in An. gambiae s.s. on Bioko Island.

0 comments Cited 203 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

Serology: a robust indicator of malaria transmission intensity?

Patrick Corran, Paul A. Coleman, Eleanor M. Riley … (2007)

To estimate the burden of malarial disease, and evaluate the likely effects of control strategies, requires reliable predictions of malaria transmission intensity. It has long been suggested that antimalarial antibody prevalences could provide a more accurate estimate of transmission intensity than traditional measures such as parasite prevalence or entomological inoculation rates, but there has been no systematic evaluation of this approach. Now, the availability of well characterized malarial antigens allows us to test whether serological measurements provide a practical method for estimating transmission. Here we present a suggested methodology, highlight the advantages and shortcomings of serological measurements of malaria transmission and identify areas in which further work is desirable.

0 comments Cited 180 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: found

Is Open Access

Malaria vaccines since 2000: progress, priorities, products

Patrick Duffy, J. Patrick Gorres (2020)

Malaria vaccine development entered a new era in 2015 when the pre-erythrocytic Plasmodium falciparum candidate RTS,S was favorably reviewed by the European Medicines Agency and subsequently introduced into national pilot implementation programs, marking the first human anti-parasite vaccine to pass regulatory scrutiny. Since the first trials published in 1997, RTS,S has been evaluated in a series of clinical trials culminating in Phase 3 testing, while testing of other pre-erythrocytic candidates (that target sporozoite- or liver-stage parasites), particularly whole sporozoite vaccines, has also increased. Interest in blood-stage candidates (that limit blood-stage parasite growth) subsided after disappointing human efficacy results, although new blood-stage targets and concepts may revive activity in this area. Over the past decade, testing of transmission-blocking vaccines (that kill mosquito/sexual-stage parasites) advanced to field trials and the first generation of placental malaria vaccines (that clear placenta-sequestering parasites) entered the clinic. Novel antigen discovery, human monoclonal antibodies, structural vaccinology, and improved platforms promise to expand on RTS,S and improve existing vaccine candidates.

0 comments Cited 90 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

All references

Author and article information

Contributors

Sebastian Shine Kwapong: sebastian.kwapong@stu.ucc.edu.gh

Kwame Kumi Asare: kwame.asare@ucc.edu.gh

Kwadwo Asamoah Kusi: akusi@noguchi.ug.edu.gh

Faustina Pappoe: f.pappoe@uccsms.edu.gh

Nicaise Ndam: nicaise.ndam@ird.fr

Rachida Tahar: rachida.tahar@ird.fr

Anne Poinsignon: anne.poinsignon@ird.fr

Linda Eva Amoah: levaamoah@noguchi.ug.edu.gh

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Malar J

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Malar J

Title: Malaria Journal

Publisher: BioMed Central (London )

ISSN (Electronic): 1475-2875

Publication date (Electronic): 15 April 2023

Publication date PMC-release: 15 April 2023

Publication date Collection: 2023

Volume: 22

Electronic Location Identifier: 126

Affiliations

[1 ]GRID grid.413081.f, ISNI 0000 0001 2322 8567, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, , University of Cape Coast, ; Cape Coast, Ghana

[2 ]GRID grid.8652.9, ISNI 0000 0004 1937 1485, Department of Immunology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, , University of Ghana, ; Accra, Ghana

[3 ]GRID grid.413081.f, ISNI 0000 0001 2322 8567, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, , University of Cape Coast, ; Cape Coast, Ghana

[4 ]GRID grid.413081.f, ISNI 0000 0001 2322 8567, Biomedical and Clinical Research Centre, College of Allied Health Sciences, , University of Cape Coast, ; Cape Coast, Ghana

[5 ]GRID grid.508487.6, ISNI 0000 0004 7885 7602, MERIT, IRD, , Université de Paris Cité, ; 75006 Paris, France

[6 ]GRID grid.121334.6, ISNI 0000 0001 2097 0141, IRD, CNRS, MIVEGEC, , University of Montpellier, ; 34000 Montpellier, France

Article

Publisher ID: 4557

DOI: 10.1186/s12936-023-04557-8

PMC ID: 10105943

PubMed ID: 37061695

SO-VID: fe6d2078-60dd-4f0a-b6a7-bbf11262b440

License:

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.