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      Wearing Colored Glasses can Influence Exercise Performance and Testosterone concentration?

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          Abstract

          Perception of red color is associated with higher testosterone concentration and better human performance. Thus, we evaluated the acute effects of wearing colored-lens glasses on the YoYo intermittent endurance exercise test 2 (YoYoIE2) performance indicators and testosterone concentration. Ten soccer players performed three YoYoIE2 (counterbalanced crossover) wearing colorless (control), blue- or red-lensed glasses (2–4 days of rest in between). YoYoIE2 performance did not differ among the trials ( p >0.05), but blood testosterone increased post-exercise in red compared to red baseline (red=14%, effect size=0.75). Analysis showed faster heart rate recovery ( p <0.05) at 1 min post-test for blue compared to red lenses. Rating of perceived exertion and blood lactate concentration did not differ ( p >0.05) among the trials. Wearing red-colored lenses during high-intensity intermittent exercise increased testosterone concentration, but do not influence performance.

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          A comparison between three rating scales for perceived exertion and two different work tests.

          L Kaijser, E Borg (2006)
          In the present article, three scales developed by Borg are compared on bicycle ergometer work. In the first study, comparing the Borg Ratings of Perceived Exertion (RPE) and Category scales with Ratio properties (CR10) scales, 40 healthy subjects (12 men and eight women for each scale) with a mean age of about 30 years (SD approximately 6) participated. A work-test protocol with step-wise increase of work loads every minute was used (20 W increase for men and 15 W for women). Ratings and heart rates (HRs) were recorded every minute and blood lactates every third minute. Data obtained with the RPE scale were described with linear regressions, with individual correlations of about 0.98. Data obtained with the CR10 scale could also be described by linear regressions, but when described by power functions gave exponents of about 1.2 (SD approximately 0.4) (with one additional constant included in the power function). This was significantly lower than the exponent of between 1.5 and 1.9 that has previously been observed. Mean individual correlations were 0.98. Blood lactate concentration grew with monotonously increasing functions that could be described by power functions with a mean exponent of about 2.6 (SD approximately 0.6) (with two additional constants included in the power functions). In the second study, where also the more recently developed Borg CR100 scale (centiMax) was included, 24 healthy subjects (12 men and 12 women) with a mean age of about 29 years (SD approximately 3) participated in a work test with a step-wise increase of work loads (25 W) every third minute. Ratings and HRs were recorded. RPE values were described by linear regressions with individual correlations of about 0.97. Data from the two CR scales were described by power functions with mean exponents of about 1.4 (SD approximately 0.5) (with a-values in the power functions). Mean individual correlations were about 0.98. In both studies, a tendency for a deviation from linearity between RPE values and HRs was observed. The obtained deviations from what has previously been obtained for work of longer duration (4-6 min) points to a need for standardization of work-test protocols and to the advantage of using CR scales.
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            Psychology: red enhances human performance in contests.

            Geraint Barton, M. FRASER (2005)
            Red coloration is a sexually selected, testosterone-dependent signal of male quality in a variety of animals, and in some non-human species a male's dominance can be experimentally increased by attaching artificial red stimuli. Here we show that a similar effect can influence the outcome of physical contests in humans--across a range of sports, we find that wearing red is consistently associated with a higher probability of winning. These results indicate not only that sexual selection may have influenced the evolution of human response to colours, but also that the colour of sportswear needs to be taken into account to ensure a level playing field in sport.
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              Standards for Ethics in Sport and Exercise Science Research: 2018 Update.

              D Harriss, A Macsween, G Atkinson (2017)
              Article 0 comments Cited 96 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Sports Med Int Open
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Sports Med Int Open
                Journal ID (doi): 10.1055/s-00032056
                Title: Sports Medicine International Open
                Publisher: © Georg Thieme Verlag KG (Stuttgart · New York )
                ISSN (Electronic): 2367-1890
                Publication date Collection: April 2018
                Publication date (Electronic): 05 June 2018
                Volume: 2
                Issue: 2
                Pages: E46-E51
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Human Performance and Sport Research Group, Department of Sport Science/Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
                [2 ]Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
                [3 ]Centre for Health, Exercise & Sport Science, Southampton Solent University, Southampton, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
                Author notes
                Correspondence Dr. Gustavo Ribeiro da Mota, PhD Federal University of Triangulo MineiroDepartment of Sport Sciences/Institute of Health SciencesAv. Frei Paulino, n° 30 – AbadiaUBERABA, 38025-180Brazil+34/3318 5931+34/3318 5931 grmotta@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                Publisher ID: smio02-2018-0070
                DOI: 10.1055/a-0601-7250
                PMC ID: 6225961
                SO-VID: feaddf71-41cd-4ac2-a539-ce3a412fa3ed
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License, which permits unrestricted reproduction and distribution, for non-commercial purposes only; and use and reproduction, but not distribution, of adapted material for non-commercial purposes only, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 06 February 2018
                Date revision received : 14 March 2018
                Date accepted : 22 March 2018
                Categories
                Subject: Training & Testing

                Keywords: hormones,color perception,ergogenic,exercise & sport,soccer
                Data availability:
                Keywords: hormones, color perception, ergogenic, exercise & sport, soccer

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