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      Mitochondria’s Role in Skin Ageing

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      Author(s): , *
      Publication date (Electronic):
      Journal: Biology
      Publisher: MDPI
      Keywords: mitochondria, skin, ageing, reactive oxygen species, photoageing

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          Abstract

          Skin ageing is the result of a loss of cellular function, which can be further accelerated by external factors. Mitochondria have important roles in skin function, and mitochondrial damage has been found to accumulate with age in skin cells, but also in response to solar light and pollution. There is increasing evidence that mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are key features in all ageing tissues, including skin. This is directly linked to skin ageing phenotypes: wrinkle formation, hair greying and loss, uneven pigmentation and decreased wound healing. The loss of barrier function during skin ageing increases susceptibility to infection and affects wound healing. Therefore, an understanding of the mechanisms involved is important clinically and also for the development of antiageing skin care products.

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          Decline in skeletal muscle mitochondrial function with aging in humans.

          Kevin R. Short, Maureen L Bigelow, Jane C. Kahl … (2005)
          Cumulative mtDNA damage occurs in aging animals, and mtDNA mutations are reported to accelerate aging in mice. We determined whether aging results in increased DNA oxidative damage and reduced mtDNA abundance and mitochondrial function in skeletal muscle of human subjects. Studies performed in 146 healthy men and women aged 18-89 yr demonstrated that mtDNA and mRNA abundance and mitochondrial ATP production all declined with advancing age. Abundance of mtDNA was positively related to mitochondrial ATP production rate, which in turn, was closely associated with aerobic capacity and glucose tolerance. The content of several mitochondrial proteins was reduced in older muscles, whereas the level of the oxidative DNA lesion, 8-oxo-deoxyguanosine, was increased, supporting the oxidative damage theory of aging. These results demonstrate that age-related muscle mitochondrial dysfunction is related to reduced mtDNA and muscle functional changes that are common in the elderly.
          Article 0 comments Cited 390 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Impact of caloric restriction on health and survival in rhesus monkeys from the NIA study.

            Julie A. Mattison, George Roth, T. Beasley … (2012)
            Calorie restriction (CR), a reduction of 10–40% in intake of a nutritious diet, is often reported as the most robust non-genetic mechanism to extend lifespan and healthspan. CR is frequently used as a tool to understand mechanisms behind ageing and age-associated diseases. In addition to and independently of increasing lifespan, CR has been reported to delay or prevent the occurrence of many chronic diseases in a variety of animals. Beneficial effects of CR on outcomes such as immune function, motor coordination and resistance to sarcopenia in rhesus monkeys have recently been reported. We report here that a CR regimen implemented in young and older age rhesus monkeys at the National Institute on Aging (NIA) has not improved survival outcomes. Our findings contrast with an ongoing study at the Wisconsin National Primate Research Center (WNPRC), which reported improved survival associated with 30% CR initiated in adult rhesus monkeys (7–14 years) and a preliminary report with a small number of CR monkeys. Over the years, both NIA and WNPRC have extensively documented beneficial health effects of CR in these two apparently parallel studies. The implications of the WNPRC findings were important as they extended CR findings beyond the laboratory rodent and to a long-lived primate. Our study suggests a separation between health effects, morbidity and mortality, and similar to what has been shown in rodents, study design, husbandry and diet composition may strongly affect the life-prolonging effect of CR in a long-lived nonhuman primate.
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              Intrinsic and extrinsic factors in skin ageing: a review.

              P Elsner, H Maibach, David S Miller … (2008)
              As the proportion of the ageing population in industrialized countries continues to increase, the dermatological concerns of the aged grow in medical importance. Intrinsic structural changes occur as a natural consequence of ageing and are genetically determined. The rate of ageing is significantly different among different populations, as well as among different anatomical sites even within a single individual. The intrinsic rate of skin ageing in any individual can also be dramatically influenced by personal and environmental factors, particularly the amount of exposure to ultraviolet light. Photodamage, which considerably accelerates the visible ageing of skin, also greatly increases the risk of cutaneous neoplasms. As the population ages, dermatological focus must shift from ameliorating the cosmetic consequences of skin ageing to decreasing the genuine morbidity associated with problems of the ageing skin. A better understanding of both the intrinsic and extrinsic influences on the ageing of the skin, as well as distinguishing the retractable aspects of cutaneous ageing (primarily hormonal and lifestyle influences) from the irretractable (primarily intrinsic ageing), is crucial to this endeavour.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Biology (Basel)
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Biology (Basel)
                Journal ID (publisher-id): biology
                Title: Biology
                Publisher: MDPI
                ISSN (Electronic): 2079-7737
                Publication date (Electronic): 11 May 2019
                Publication date Collection: June 2019
                Volume: 8
                Issue: 2
                Electronic Location Identifier: 29
                Affiliations
                Dermatological Sciences, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; r.stout2@ 123456newcastle.ac.uk
                Author notes
                Article
                Publisher ID: biology-08-00029
                DOI: 10.3390/biology8020029
                PMC ID: 6627661
                PubMed ID: 31083540
                SO-VID: ff42b58e-70c8-4ec9-a4cf-a79f9685a2ca
                Copyright © © 2019 by the authors.
                License:

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                Date received : 21 December 2018
                Date accepted : 07 February 2019
                Categories
                Subject: Review

                Keywords: mitochondria,skin,ageing,reactive oxygen species,photoageing
                Data availability:
                Keywords: mitochondria, skin, ageing, reactive oxygen species, photoageing

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