Removal of methyl red from wastewater using a NiO@ <i>Hyphaene thebaica</i>seed-derived porous carbon adsorbent: kinetics and isotherm studies

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Abstract

In this study, the adsorption of methyl red (MR) dye from wastewater on nickel oxide (NiO) doped in porous carbon derived from Hyphaene thebaica(HT) seeds (NiO@HT derived C) as an adsorbent material was investigated. The prepared NiO@HT derived C was characterised by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Moreover, the effects of solution pH, contact time, amount of the adsorbent, and the initial concentration of MR on the adsorption efficiency were consistently examined. The adsorption capacity of NiO@HT derived C at room temperature (25 °C ± 2) could reach 129.87 mg g ⁻¹in an acidic medium after shaking for 60 min. Furthermore, the adsorption kinetics and isotherms of adsorption were investigated. The results indicated that the adsorption isotherm of reactive MR on the NiO@HT derived C surface follows the Langmuir isotherm model, which revealed that the adsorption of MR is a chemisorption process. On the other hand, the kinetic data fit well with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, indicating that both NiO@HT derived C and MR influence the adsorption process.

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THE ADSORPTION OF GASES ON PLANE SURFACES OF GLASS, MICA AND PLATINUM.

Irving Langmuir (1918)

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Non-conventional low-cost adsorbents for dye removal: a review.

Grégorio Crini (2006)

Adsorption techniques are widely used to remove certain classes of pollutants from waters, especially those that are not easily biodegradable. Dyes represent one of the problematic groups. Currently, a combination of biological treatment and adsorption on activated carbon is becoming more common for removal of dyes from wastewater. Although commercial activated carbon is a preferred sorbent for color removal, its widespread use is restricted due to high cost. As such, alternative non-conventional sorbents have been investigated. It is well-known that natural materials, waste materials from industry and agriculture and biosorbents can be obtained and employed as inexpensive sorbents. In this review, an extensive list of sorbent literature has been compiled. The review (i) presents a critical analysis of these materials; (ii) describes their characteristics, advantages and limitations; and (iii) discusses various mechanisms involved. It is evident from a literature survey of about 210 recent papers that low-cost sorbents have demonstrated outstanding removal capabilities for certain dyes. In particular, chitosan might be a promising adsorbent for environmental and purification purposes.