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      Non-conventional low-cost adsorbents for dye removal: a review.

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      Bioresource technology
      Elsevier BV

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          Abstract

          Adsorption techniques are widely used to remove certain classes of pollutants from waters, especially those that are not easily biodegradable. Dyes represent one of the problematic groups. Currently, a combination of biological treatment and adsorption on activated carbon is becoming more common for removal of dyes from wastewater. Although commercial activated carbon is a preferred sorbent for color removal, its widespread use is restricted due to high cost. As such, alternative non-conventional sorbents have been investigated. It is well-known that natural materials, waste materials from industry and agriculture and biosorbents can be obtained and employed as inexpensive sorbents. In this review, an extensive list of sorbent literature has been compiled. The review (i) presents a critical analysis of these materials; (ii) describes their characteristics, advantages and limitations; and (iii) discusses various mechanisms involved. It is evident from a literature survey of about 210 recent papers that low-cost sorbents have demonstrated outstanding removal capabilities for certain dyes. In particular, chitosan might be a promising adsorbent for environmental and purification purposes.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Bioresour Technol
          Bioresource technology
          Elsevier BV
          0960-8524
          0960-8524
          Jun 2006
          : 97
          : 9
          Affiliations
          [1 ] Centre de Spectrométrie, SERAC, Université de Franche-Comté, 16 Route de Gray, 25000 Besançon, France. gregorio.crini@univ-fcomte.fr
          Article
          S0960-8524(05)00245-2
          10.1016/j.biortech.2005.05.001
          15993052
          c0c7ff89-def2-4cb7-ad1d-2f192eb6e9db
          History

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