In this study, two experiments were conducted to assess the role of word length in visual word recognition. In Experiment 1 two lists of Arabic three and five letter words were used in a print word-reading task which measured accuracy and reading time. In Experiment 2, three, four and five letter words were displayed in the center of fixation on a screen in a naming task measuring accuracy and naming time. In reading, two contrasting processes have been suggested: the holistic process and the analytical process. According to the holistic process, the recognition of a word is determined by its global features and configuration. Consequently, reading consists of the simultaneous processing of all the letters of a word in parallel. In contrast, according to the analytical process, reading is a sequential screening of all the letters within a particular word. Length effect—that is, short words are recognized more rapidly and accurately than long words—is the signature of analytical processing of the non-lexical route due to its seriality which is caused by assembled phonology. The results of both experiments revealed that the average reading time of Arabic words from paper and screen was affected by word length, reflecting certain analytical processes and the activation of a non-lexical route, in which letters are processed sequentially.
هدف هذا البحث إلى فححن العلاقة المتبادلة ببن طول الكلمات والعوامل البصرية، مثل القهب العام للكلمة وأحرفها الخاصة وتأثيرها على القراءة في اللغة العربية. وتكونت عينة البحث من طلاب كلية لتأهيل المعلمين والذين يتمتعون بمستوى عي من المهارة في القراءة إذ يألفون الكلمات العربية وائمات على اختلاف أطوالها. تشد القراءة على نوعين متعاكسين من المعالجة البصرية: المعالجة البصرية المتوازية لشكل الكلمة العام وأحرفها بالإضافة إلى المعالجة البصرية التسلسلية المتراكمة لكل واحد ض أحرفها. ويعد تأثير طول الكلمة (ائمات القصيرة تقرأ بشكل أدق وأسرع من ائمات الطوية) دليلا على المعالجة التسلسلية المتراكمة لكل واحد ض أحرف الكلمة. اعتمد هذا البحث على تجربتين تم في التجربة الأولى منها قبإس دقة وزض قراءة قائمتي كلمات تضم ك3£ واحده منهما 20 كلمة وحسب زض قراءتها وفق طولها أي عدد أحرفها (3، 5 حرفا). أما في التجربة الثانية فقد قيست دقة قراءة كلمات أطوال مختلغة (3 أو 4 أو 5 أحرف) تم عرضها على شاشة الحاسوب في مركز الرؤية. أشارت ننائج هاتين التجربتين إلى أن معدل زض قراءة الكلمات عن ورقة وعن شاشة الحاسوب قد تأثر بطول الكلمة حتى عند القارئين الماهرين، إذ إئ معدل قراءة ائمات القصيرة (3 أحرف) كان أقل من معدل قراءة ائمات الطوية (5 أحرف) مما يعكس معالجة غير قائبية للأاحل ف في الكلمة بل معالجتها بشكل تسفسلي.
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