Dispatches from the Global Village: The Communications Revolution and the End of US Hegemony

Notes

1. See http://www.politico.com/2016-election/swing-states

2. After-the-fact studies have found the elections of John Kennedy in 1960 and Richard Nixon in 1968, which were among the closest in US, were both decided by election fraud in Illinois. It also is now widely accepted that the elections of George W. Bush in 2000 and 2004 were decided by vote fraud, respectively, in Florida and Ohio.

3. “Alt-media” is an acronym for “alternative media, which appears in multiple forms and with an extraordinary diversity of style and substance. In the broadest sense, it is any group that operates outside the mainstream media in an unregulated environment of free expression. It includes a host of websites and blogs managed by individuals and groups with wide-ranging political views and objectives. Among the most influential on the “Right” are The Liberty Report, Info-Wars , and Brietbart News , and on the “Left” are The Intercept, Consortium News , and Truth Out. Lying somewhere in between and without a clear agenda except for its focus on news and commentary of interest to Russia is Russia Today, which has become increasingly popular in the US with the decline of mainstream media.

4. These included such heavy weights as The New York Times, ABC, CNN, MSNBC, Politico , and The Guardian .

5. http://www.ronpaullibertyreport.com/archives/revealed-the-real-fake-news-list

6. A good example of this phenomenon is the “Pepe the Frog” controversy, where a comic book character, characterized as a “meme” in popular vernacular, has been appropriated by various groups to attack other groups, leading the Anti-Defamation League to include Pepe in its list of hate symbols, which in turn prompted another web-wide debate about the “true” meaning of Pepe.