This paper is about one of the world's most strategic area, inhabited by a large tribal population. After the involvement and destruction of this area and its people in the Great Game and the Cold War, it is once again confronted with the War on Terror. Being important in the global politics and considered as a threat to national and international security, the national and international leadership are making plans and programs to eradicate this area of extremism. It is accepted that force alone cannot eradicate the menace of extremism from this area, but the military effort must be supported by robust development that can bring social and economic changes in the lives of the people. For this purpose, huge funds have started flowing into the area after the incident of 9/11. However, despite financial and human resources pooled for the purpose, no fruitful results have yet been achieved. Reasons being that the development activities of all the developing partners including the government of Pakistan are not coordinated, planned and according to the ground realities shaped by war and insurgency. To mainstream the people and the area a robust development strategy keeping in view the ground situation in mind is required.
Maria Hayat, “Still ‘Taming the Turbulent Frontier’? The State in the Federally Administered Tribal Areas of Pakistan,” JASO-online 1 (Winter 2009): 204. www.isca.ox.ac.uk/fileadmin/ISCA/JASO/1%202_179-206_Hayat.pdf, (accessed September 11, 2012).
Bruce, L. C, Waziristan (1936–1937); The Problems of the North-West Frontier of India and their Solutions . (Wellington: Gale & Polden Ltd, 1938), 11–12.
Imran Khan, Ghairat Mand Musalman (Karachi: Shaukat Khanum Memorial Trust, 1995), 15.
Paul Collier, V.L. Elliott, Havard Hegre, Anke Hoeffler, Marta Reynal-Querol and Nicholas Sambinas, Breaking the Conflict Trap: Civil War and Development Policy , (Washington: World Bank and Oxford University Press, 2003), 4.
Political Agent Office. A Perspective on North Waziristan Agency , 2012 Study. Miranshah: Agency Archives.
FATA Education Atlas; 2011–2012; Education Management Information System Directorate of Education, 2.
Don Belt. 2007. Struggle for the Soul of Pakistan. National Geographic . September. http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2007/09/pakistan/don-belt-text/1 (accessed March 21, 2012).
Political Agent Office. A Perspective on North Waziristan Agency , 2012 Study. Miranshah: Agency Archives.
Paul Collier, The Bottom Billion: Why the Poorest Countries are Failing and What Can be Done About it (New York: Oxford University Press, 2007), 20.
Political Agent Mr Siraj Khan, interviewed by author, 14 November 2012, Miranshah, North Waziristan Agency, Miranshah.
Paul Collier, The Bottom Billion: Why the Poorest Countries are Failing and What Can be Done About it (New York: Oxford University Press, 2007), 29.
Paul Collier, V.L. Elliott, Havard Hegre, Anke Hoeffler, Marta Reynal-Querol and Nicholas Sambinas, Breaking the Conflict Trap: Civil War and Development Policy , (Washington: World Bank and Oxford University Press, 2003), 53.
James W. Spain, The Pathan Borderland (Hague: Mouton, 1963), 114.
The Principle author has served in North Waziristan for two years as an army officer and the study is based on his personal observation and discussions with the local tribesmen.
Mehreen Farooq, Hedieh Mirahmadi, and Waleed Ziad, Developing FATA, A White Paper for USAID , (USAID, 2009), 23. www.worde.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/…/DevelopingFATA.pdf, (accessed October 7, 2012).
Paul Collier, V.L. Elliott, Havard Hegre, Anke Hoeffler, Marta Reynal-Querol, and Nicholas Sambinas, Breaking the Conflict Trap: Civil War and Development Policy (Washington, DC: World Bank and Oxford University Press, 2003), 6–8.
Maria Hayat, “Still ‘Taming the Turbulent Frontier’? The State in the Federally Administered Tribal Areas of Pakistan,” JASO-online 1 (Winter 2009): 198. www.isca.ox.ac.uk/fileadmin/ISCA/JASO/1%202_179-206_Hayat.pdf, (accessed September 11, 2012).
Andrew C. Kuchins, Thomas M. Sanderson, and David A. Gordon, The Northern Distribution Network and the Modern Silk Road, Planning for Afghanistan's Future , (Washington, D.C., Center for Strategic and International Studies, 2009), 34. www.csis.org, (accessed December 29, 2012).
Chief of Waziristan Tribes Malik Nasrullah Khan Wazir, interviewed by author, 23 February 2013, Miranshah, North Waziristan Agency, Miranshah.
UOS unpublished M. Phil theses; “North Waziristan; Prospects of development and change”, Sandhu, 2014.
Ibid.
Ibid.
Political Agent Office. A Perspective on North Waziristan Agency , 2012 Study. Miranshah: Agency Archives.
Ibid.
Ibid.
UOS unpublished M. Phil theses; “North Waziristan; Prospects of development and change”, Sandhu, 2014.
Daniel Markey, The center for preventive action, Securing Pakistan's Tribal Belt (New York: Council on Foreign Relations, Carnegie Corporation, 2008 ). http/reliefweb.int/node/24149, (accessed September 21, 2012).
Ibid.
Eliza Griswold. 2004. In the Hiding Zone. The New Yorker . July 26. http://www.newyorker.com/archive/2004/07/26/040726fa_fact2?currentPage=1, (accessed June 5, 2012).