476
views
1
recommends
+1 Recommend
1 collections
    2
    shares

      If you have found this article useful and you think it is important that researchers across the world have access, please consider donating, to ensure that this valuable collection remains Open Access.

      Prometheus is published by Pluto Journals, an Open Access publisher. This means that everyone has free and unlimited access to the full-text of all articles from our international collection of social science journalsFurthermore Pluto Journals authors don’t pay article processing charges (APCs).

      scite_
       
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Now you see me? Auto-ethnographic insights from inside the black box of business incubation

      Published
      research-article
        1 , * ,
      Prometheus
      Pluto Journals
      Bookmark

            Abstract

            Business incubators are a favourite policy tool used by governments worldwide to stimulate and support entrepreneurship. However, little is known about the challenges in operationalizing an incubator. Scholars have highlighted the lack of access to reliable incubator data, the politically charged environments in which incubators operate and the tendency of incubator management and policymakers to provide positive self-evaluation results to demonstrate the success of such publicly funded initiatives. This paper offers auto-ethnographic insights into operating a business incubator in India. By verbalizing tacit knowledge acquired through personal experiences and elaborating the trials and tribulations of running an incubator, the paper sheds light on an incubator’s structural properties, functions and operational dilemmas. It shifts the conversation away from the notion of the incubator as a well-defined entity – having a prescribed model and path to success as defined by its sponsors – toward an organization that needs to experiment, learn from its mistakes and change course, much like the startups it claims to support. To maintain anonymity, pseudonyms are used for the incubator and all the people referred to in the paper.

            Content

            Author and article information

            Journal
            10.13169/prometheus
            Prometheus
            PROM
            Pluto Journals
            1470-1030
            28 March 2022
            2022
            : 37
            : 4
            : 321-339
            Affiliations
            [1 ]Strategic Management Department, Indian Institute of Management, Indore, India
            Author notes
            [* ] Correspondence: Sonali Gupta ( fi16sonalig@ 123456iimidr.ac.in )

            Accepting editor: Richard Joseph

            Article
            10.13169/prometheus.37.4.0321
            4443467f-8ed3-4f74-89be-23416b987f63

            All content is freely available without charge to users or their institutions. Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles in this journal without asking prior permission of the publisher or the author. Articles published in the journal are distributed under a http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

            History
            Page count
            Pages: 19
            Categories
            Research papers

            Computer science,Arts,Social & Behavioral Sciences,Law,History,Economics

            References

            1. (2009) ‘Explaining incubators using firm analogy’, Technovation, 29, 10, pp.657–70.

            2. (2004) ‘Incubators: tool for entrepreneurship?’, Small Business Economics, 23, 2, pp.127–35.

            3. and (2013) ‘Business incubators and HTSF development: setting an agenda for further research’ in , , and (eds) New Technology Based Firms in the New Millennium, Emerald, Bingley, UK, pp.119–40.

            4. and (2018) ‘On the structure of business incubators: de-coupling issues and the mis-alignment of managerial incentives’, Journal of Technology Transfer, 43, 5, pp.1190–1212.

            5. and (2018) ‘Unicorns, gazelles, and other distractions on the way to understanding real entrepreneurship in the United States’, Academy of Management Perspectives, 32, 4, pp.458–72.

            6. and (1990) ‘Structure, policy, services, and performance in the business incubator industry’, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 15, 2, pp.61–77.

            7. , , and (2012) ‘Revisiting incubation performance. How incubator typology affects results’, Technological Forecasting & Social Change, 79, 5, pp.888–902.

            8. and (2008) ‘Incubator best practice: A framework’, Technovation, 28, 1–2, pp.20–8.

            9. (1994) ‘A process model of entrepreneurial venture creation’, Journal of Business Venturing, 9, 3, pp.223–42.

            10. (2012) ‘The bottom-up business incubator: leverage to networking and cooperation practices in a self-generated, entrepreneurial-enabled environment’, Technovation, 32, 5, pp.304–15.

            11. , , and (2012) ‘The evolution of business incubators: comparing demand and supply of business incubation services across different incubator generations’, Technovation, 32, 2, pp.110–21.

            12. and (2020) ‘Planned luck: how incubators can facilitate serendipity for nascent entrepreneurs through fostering network embeddedness’, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 8 April, available at https://doi.org/10.1177/1042258720915798 (accessed July 2021 ).

            13. (1984) ‘Hatching small businesses’, Planning, 50, 5, pp.19–24.

            14. and (2005) ‘Architecting gloCal (global-local), real-virtual incubator networks (G-RVINs) as catalysts and accelerators of entrepreneurship in transitioning and developing economies: lessons learned and best practices from current development and business incubation’, Technovation, 25, 2, pp.95–110.

            15. and (2005) ‘Assessing technology incubator programs in the science park: the good, the bad and the ugly’, Technovation, 25, 10, pp.1215–28.

            16. , , , and (2005) ‘Spinning out new ventures: a typology of incubation strategies from European research institutions’, Journal of Business Venturing, 20, 2, pp.183–216.

            17. , and (2003) ‘The economics of strategic opportunity’, Strategic Management Journal, 24, 10, pp.977–90.

            18. (2009) ‘Serendipity in entrepreneurship’, Organization Studies, 30, 7, pp.735–53.

            19. , and (2017) ‘Toward a dynamic process model of entrepreneurial networking under uncertainty’, Journal of Business Venturing, 32, 1, pp.35–51.

            20. (1982) ‘For those condemned to study the past: heuristics and biases in hindsight’ in , and (eds) Judgment under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp.335–52.

            21. and (2005) ‘Business incubators and new venture creation: an assessment of incubating models’, Technovation, 25, 2, pp.111–21.

            22. and (2004) ‘A systematic review of business incubation’, Journal of Technology Transfer, 29, 1, pp.55–82.

            23. , , and (2000) ‘Networked incubators. Hothouses of the new economy’, Harvard Business Review, 78, 5, pp.74–84.

            24. and (2020) ‘Business incubators and accelerators: a co-citation analysis-based, systematic literature review’, Journal of Technology Transfer, 45, 1, pp.151–76.

            25. (2010) ‘The big idea: how to start an entrepreneurial revolution’, Harvard Business Review, 88, 6, pp.40–50.

            26. , , , and (2016) ‘Do graduated university incubator firms benefit from their relationship with university incubators?’, Journal of Technology Transfer, 41, 2, pp.205–19.

            27. and (2008) ‘A preliminary investigation into networking activities within the university incubator’, International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 14, 4, pp.219–41.

            28. (1997) ‘Assessing and managing the university technology business incubator: an integrative framework’, Journal of Business Venturing, 12, 4, pp.251–85.

            29. (2011) ‘University’s involvement in technology business incubation: what theory and practice tell us?’, International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management, 13, 2, pp.113–21.

            30. , and (2016) ‘Technology business incubation: an overview of the state of knowledge’, Technovation, 50–51, pp.1–12.

            31. , and (2020) ‘Toward the emergence of entrepreneurial opportunities: organizing early-phase new-venture creation support systems’, Academy of Management Review, 5 October, available at https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2019.0040 (accessed July 2021 ).

            32. , and (2009) ‘Elements that underpin high-tech business incubation processes’, Journal of Technology Transfer, 34, 6, pp.621–36.

            33. , , and (2016) ‘Understanding a new generation incubation model: the accelerator’, Technovation, 50–51, pp.13–24.

            34. (2004) ‘Business incubation centers and new firm growth in the Basque country’, Small Business Economics, 22, 3–4, pp.223–36.

            35. , and (2004) ‘The role of incubators in the entrepreneurial process’, Journal of Technology Transfer, 29, 1, pp.83–91.

            36. , and (2005) ‘Science parks and incubators: observations, synthesis and future research’, Journal of Business Venturing, 20, 2, pp.165–82.

            37. and (2010) ‘The role of science parks and business incubators in converging countries: evidence from Portugal’, Technovation, 30, 4, pp.278–90.

            38. (2002) ‘Co-production of business assistance in business incubators: an exploratory study’, Journal of Business Venturing, 17, 2, pp.163–87.

            39. (1965) ‘Social structure and organizations’ in (ed.) Handbook of Organizations, Rand McNally, Chicago, pp.142–93.

            40. (2007) ‘Rethinking technology-oriented business incubators: developing a robust policy instrument for entrepreneurship, innovation, and regional development?’, Growth and Change, 38, 3, pp.460–73.

            41. , and (2014) ‘What matters in business incubation? A literature review and a suggestion for situated theorising’, Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 21, 4, pp.602–22.

            42. , and (2017) ‘You can’t always get what you want: how entrepreneur’s perceived resource needs affect the incubator’s assertiveness’, Technovation, 59, pp.18–33.

            43. , , and (2012) ‘Whither the promise? Moving forward with entrepreneurship as a science of the artificial’, Academy of Management Review, 37, 1, pp.21–33.

            44. , , and (2006) ‘The measurement of success in a business incubation project’, Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 13, 3, pp.454–68.

            45. (2003) ‘Classification and management of incubators: aligning strategic objectives and competitive scope for new business facilitation’, International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management, 3, 1–2, pp.176–96.

            46. and (2006) ‘Are service profiles incubator-specific? Results from an empirical investigation in Italy’, Journal of Technology Transfer, 31, 4, pp.459–68.

            Comments

            Comment on this article