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      State Crime Journal

      Volume 11, Issue 1
       
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      From Exception to Extra-Legal Normality: Pushbacks and Racist State Violence against People Crossing the Greek–Turkish Land Border

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            Abstract

            The Greek–Turkish land border became the site of a border spectacle in March 2020, following the “opening” of the border by the Turkish government and its simultaneous closure by the Greek government. The ensuing violence was legitimated by narratives of exception and racist discourses hinging on the notions of “invasion” and “asymmetrical threats.” Yet, the spectacular and highly mediatized nature of the events of March 2020 hid the embeddedness and longevity of border violence in Evros, the area named after the river that constitutes the land border between Greece and Turkey.

            Drawing on qualitative research including fieldwork, interviews and document analysis, we focus on the practice of pushbacks as an enduring feature of the local border regime. We argue that pushbacks and other forms of violence should not be conceived merely as human rights violations and therefore aberrations to the laws and values of Europe and its states, but as normalized technologies of border management embedded in the racialized, violent border regimes of liberal states, exemplifying the inherent and unavoidable violence of borders.

            Content

            Author and article information

            Contributors
            Lena Karamanidou:
            Bio :

            Lena Karamanidou, Independent Researcher

            Bernd Kasparek:
            Bio :

            Bernd Kasparek, Institute for European Ethnology & Berlin Institute for Empirical Migration Research, Humboldt-University Berlin

            Journal
            Journal ID (doi): 10.13169/statecrime
            Title: State Crime Journal
            Abbreviated Title: SCJ
            Publisher: Pluto Journals
            ISSN (Electronic): 2046-6056
            Publication date Pub: 18 June 2022
            Publication date Collection: 2022
            Volume: 11
            Issue: 1
            Pages: 12-32
            Author notes
            Article
            DOI: 10.13169/statecrime.11.1.0012
            SO-VID: ba1a4ceb-6699-48eb-81aa-7fb319f52e1c
            Copyright © © INTERNATIONAL STATE CRIME INITIATIVE 2022
            License:

            All content is freely available without charge to users or their institutions. Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles in this journal without asking prior permission of the publisher or the author. Articles published in the journal are distributed under a http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

            History
            Page count
            Pages: 21
            Categories
            Subject: Articles

            ScienceOpen disciplines: Criminology
            Keywords: Greek–Turkish border,border management,racist state violence,pushbacks,border violence

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