UNTANGLING ISLAMISM FROM JIHADISM: OPPORTUNITIES FOR ISLAM AND THE WEST AFTER THE ARAB SPRING

Turner, John

doi:10.2307/41858701

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Arab Studies Quarterly

Volume 34, Issue 3

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UNTANGLING ISLAMISM FROM JIHADISM: OPPORTUNITIES FOR ISLAM AND THE WEST AFTER THE ARAB SPRING

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Author(s): John Turner

Publication date (Print): 1 July 2012

Journal: Arab Studies Quarterly

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Journal ID (jstor): arabstudquar

Journal ID (doi): 10.2307/j50005550

Title: Arab Studies Quarterly

Publisher: Pluto Journals

ISSN (Print): 02713519

Publication date (Print): 1 July 2012

Volume: 34

Issue: 3

Pages: 173-188

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DOI: 10.2307/41858701

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Notes

Raymond William Baker, "Afraid for Islam: Egypt's Muslim Centrists between Pharaohs and Fundamentalists," Religion and Politics 21:3 (Summer 1991), 47.
Ibid, 44.
Christiane Amanpour, "Mubarak Warns of Chaos if he Quits Now," February 3, 2011, http:// abcnews.go.com/International/egypt-abc-news-christiane-amanpour-exclusive-interview-president/ story?id=12833673 (accessed March 22, 2011).
Ibid.
"Libya: Gaddafi Blames Osama Bin Laden for Protests," February 24, 2011, http://www.bbc.co.uk/ news/world-africa-12570279 (accessed March 22, 2011).
Christiane Amanpour, Interview with Saif Gadhafì, March 17, 2011, http://abcnews.go.com/Nightline/ libya-war-christiane-amanpour-saif-gadhafi-interview-transcript/story?id=13162838&page=3 (accessed April 4, 2011).
"Transcript of Mubarak's Speeches," As Sharq al Awsat, February 12, 2011.
Ibid.
"Al-Qaeda Leader Attacks Mubarak Regime," Dawn, February 19, 2011.
Joyce M. Davis, Martyrs: Innocence, Vengeance and Despair in the Middle East (Gordonsville, VA: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003), 177.
Bruce Riedel, "The Real Loser in Egypt's Uprisings," February 13, 2011, http://www.brookings. edu/opinions/2011/0213_egypt_riedel.aspx (accessed March 15, 2011).
Barry Cooper, New Political Religions or an Analysis of Modern Terrorism (Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2004), 105.
Lawrence Davidson, Islamic Fundamentalism: An Introduction (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2003), 98.
Tariq Ramadan in D. Parvaz, "Islamists Ready for their Close-up," Al Jazeera, March 10, 2011.
Hizb ut Tahrir, translated as the "Party of Liberation," is a transnational organization supporting the restoration of an Islamic Caliphate, claiming to do so through non-violent means. http://www. hizbuttahrir.org/
Husain quoted in Parvaz, "Islamists Ready for their Close-up."
Riedel, "The Real Loser in Egypt's Uprisings."
Inspire, no. 5 (Spring 2011).
Inspire, no. 5 (Spring 2011), 2.
Ibid.
Ibid.
Max Weber, General Economic History (New York: Collier Books, 1961), 232.
Trudy Jacobsen, Re-envisioning Sovereignty (Oxfordshire, England: Ashgate Publishing Limited, 2008), 73.
Louise Fawcett, The International Relations of the Middle East (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005), 163.
Albert Hourani, A History of the Arab Peoples (London: Faber and Faber Ltd, 1991), 143.
Ibid., 224.
Ibid.
Who Speaks for Islam? Dialogues: Islamic World, U.S. and the West, eds. Hassan Abedin et al. (Kuala Lumpur, February 2006), 6.
Ibid., 7.
Jacobsen, Re-envisioning Sovereignty, 74.
Abdullah Ahmed An-Naim, Islam and the Secular State: Negotiating the Future of Sharia (Harvard: Harvard University Press, 2008), 58.
Jan Michiel Otto, Sharia and Natural Law in Muslim Countries (Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2008), 7.
Noor Mohammed, "Principles ot Islamic Contract Law," Journal of Law and Religion 6:1 (1988), 116.
Quran, 5:1
Hourani, A History of the Arab Peoples, 65.
Ibid., 11.
Otto, Sharia and Natural Law in Muslim Countries, 12.
Baker, Islam Without Fear, 13.
Ibid., 9.
Ibid., 12.
Raymond William Baker, "Building the World in the Global Age," in Religion, Social Practice and Contested Hegemons: Reconstructing the Public Sphere in Muslim Majority Societies, eds. Armando Salvadore and Mark Levine (New York: Palgrave, 2005), 116.
Robert Cox, "Towards a Post-hegemonic Conceptualization of World Order: Reflections of the Relevancy of Ibn Khaldun," in Approaches to World Order, eds. Robert Cox and Timothy J. Sinclair (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996), 167.
Baker, "Building the World," 122.
Ibid., 110-114.
Baker, Islam Without Fear, 123.
Tom Perry, "After 15 Year Wait Egypt's Wasat Party Approved," Reuters, February 19, 2011.
Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, "Egypt Elections, Center (al Wasat) Party," http:// egyptelections.carnegieendowment.org/2010/09/16/center-al-wasat-party (accessed March 10, 2011).
Ibid.
Giles Kepel, "Islamism Reconsidered," Harvard International Review 22:2 (Summer 2000).
Joshua A. Stacher, "Post-Islamist Rumblings in Egypt: The Emergence of the Wasat Party," The Middle East Journal 56:3 (Summer 2002), 416.
Shaaban Abdul Sattar, "Asharq al Awasat Talks to the Leader of Egypt's Newest Political Party," Asharq al Awasat, May 3, 2011.
Amr Hamzawy, "Interview with Abdul Ala al Madi," Arab Reform Bulletin (Washington DC: Carnegie Endowment, December 20, 2005).
Ibid.
Carnegie Endowment, "Egypt Elections, Center (al Wasat) Party."
Ibid.
Ibid.
Ibid.
Ibid.
Hamzawy, "Interview with Abdul Ala al Madi."
Inspire, no. 5 (Spring 2011), 50.
Shaykh Abu Yahya al-Libi, "The Middle Path and the Enemy's Plot," Inspire (Spring 2011), 14.
Ray Takeyh, "The United States Must Take Sides to Keep the Arab Spring from Islamist Takeover," Washington Post, March 23, 2011.
Ibid.
Ibid.
George W. Bush, Speech to Joint Session of Congress, September 20, 2001.
Roland Robertson, Globalization, Social Theory and Global Culture (London: Sage, 1994).
"Interview with Ayman al Zawahiri," Inspire (Spring 2011), 35.

Comments

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[1] Raymond William Baker, "Afraid for Islam: Egypt's Muslim Centrists between Pharaohs and Fundamentalists," Religion and Politics 21:3 (Summer 1991), 47.

[2] Ibid, 44.

[3] Christiane Amanpour, "Mubarak Warns of Chaos if he Quits Now," February 3, 2011, http:// abcnews.go.com/International/egypt-abc-news-christiane-amanpour-exclusive-interview-president/ story?id=12833673 (accessed March 22, 2011).

[4] Ibid.

[5] "Libya: Gaddafi Blames Osama Bin Laden for Protests," February 24, 2011, http://www.bbc.co.uk/ news/world-africa-12570279 (accessed March 22, 2011).

[6] Christiane Amanpour, Interview with Saif Gadhafì, March 17, 2011, http://abcnews.go.com/Nightline/ libya-war-christiane-amanpour-saif-gadhafi-interview-transcript/story?id=13162838&page=3 (accessed April 4, 2011).

[7] "Transcript of Mubarak's Speeches," As Sharq al Awsat, February 12, 2011.

[8] Ibid.

[9] "Al-Qaeda Leader Attacks Mubarak Regime," Dawn, February 19, 2011.

[10] Joyce M. Davis, Martyrs: Innocence, Vengeance and Despair in the Middle East (Gordonsville, VA: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003), 177.

[11] Bruce Riedel, "The Real Loser in Egypt's Uprisings," February 13, 2011, http://www.brookings. edu/opinions/2011/0213_egypt_riedel.aspx (accessed March 15, 2011).

[12] Barry Cooper, New Political Religions or an Analysis of Modern Terrorism (Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2004), 105.

[13] Lawrence Davidson, Islamic Fundamentalism: An Introduction (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2003), 98.

[14] Tariq Ramadan in D. Parvaz, "Islamists Ready for their Close-up," Al Jazeera, March 10, 2011.

[15] Hizb ut Tahrir, translated as the "Party of Liberation," is a transnational organization supporting the restoration of an Islamic Caliphate, claiming to do so through non-violent means. http://www. hizbuttahrir.org/

[16] Husain quoted in Parvaz, "Islamists Ready for their Close-up."

[17] Riedel, "The Real Loser in Egypt's Uprisings."

[18] Inspire, no. 5 (Spring 2011).

[19] Inspire, no. 5 (Spring 2011), 2.

[20] Ibid.

[21] Ibid.

[22] Max Weber, General Economic History (New York: Collier Books, 1961), 232.

[23] Trudy Jacobsen, Re-envisioning Sovereignty (Oxfordshire, England: Ashgate Publishing Limited, 2008), 73.

[24] Louise Fawcett, The International Relations of the Middle East (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005), 163.

[25] Albert Hourani, A History of the Arab Peoples (London: Faber and Faber Ltd, 1991), 143.

[26] Ibid., 224.

[27] Ibid.

[28] Who Speaks for Islam? Dialogues: Islamic World, U.S. and the West, eds. Hassan Abedin et al. (Kuala Lumpur, February 2006), 6.

[29] Ibid., 7.

[30] Jacobsen, Re-envisioning Sovereignty, 74.

[31] Abdullah Ahmed An-Naim, Islam and the Secular State: Negotiating the Future of Sharia (Harvard: Harvard University Press, 2008), 58.

[32] Jan Michiel Otto, Sharia and Natural Law in Muslim Countries (Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2008), 7.

[33] Noor Mohammed, "Principles ot Islamic Contract Law," Journal of Law and Religion 6:1 (1988), 116.

[34] Quran, 5:1

[35] Hourani, A History of the Arab Peoples, 65.

[36] Ibid., 11.

[37] Otto, Sharia and Natural Law in Muslim Countries, 12.

[38] Baker, Islam Without Fear, 13.

[39] Ibid., 9.

[40] Ibid., 12.

[41] Raymond William Baker, "Building the World in the Global Age," in Religion, Social Practice and Contested Hegemons: Reconstructing the Public Sphere in Muslim Majority Societies, eds. Armando Salvadore and Mark Levine (New York: Palgrave, 2005), 116.

[42] Robert Cox, "Towards a Post-hegemonic Conceptualization of World Order: Reflections of the Relevancy of Ibn Khaldun," in Approaches to World Order, eds. Robert Cox and Timothy J. Sinclair (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996), 167.

[43] Baker, "Building the World," 122.

[44] Ibid., 110-114.

[45] Baker, Islam Without Fear, 123.

[46] Tom Perry, "After 15 Year Wait Egypt's Wasat Party Approved," Reuters, February 19, 2011.

[47] Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, "Egypt Elections, Center (al Wasat) Party," http:// egyptelections.carnegieendowment.org/2010/09/16/center-al-wasat-party (accessed March 10, 2011).

[48] Ibid.

[49] Giles Kepel, "Islamism Reconsidered," Harvard International Review 22:2 (Summer 2000).

[50] Joshua A. Stacher, "Post-Islamist Rumblings in Egypt: The Emergence of the Wasat Party," The Middle East Journal 56:3 (Summer 2002), 416.

[51] Shaaban Abdul Sattar, "Asharq al Awasat Talks to the Leader of Egypt's Newest Political Party," Asharq al Awasat, May 3, 2011.

[52] Amr Hamzawy, "Interview with Abdul Ala al Madi," Arab Reform Bulletin (Washington DC: Carnegie Endowment, December 20, 2005).

[53] Ibid.

[54] Carnegie Endowment, "Egypt Elections, Center (al Wasat) Party."

[55] Ibid.

[56] Ibid.

[57] Ibid.

[58] Ibid.

[59] Hamzawy, "Interview with Abdul Ala al Madi."

[60] Inspire, no. 5 (Spring 2011), 50.

[61] Shaykh Abu Yahya al-Libi, "The Middle Path and the Enemy's Plot," Inspire (Spring 2011), 14.

[62] Ray Takeyh, "The United States Must Take Sides to Keep the Arab Spring from Islamist Takeover," Washington Post, March 23, 2011.

[63] Ibid.

[64] Ibid.

[65] George W. Bush, Speech to Joint Session of Congress, September 20, 2001.

[66] Roland Robertson, Globalization, Social Theory and Global Culture (London: Sage, 1994).

[67] "Interview with Ayman al Zawahiri," Inspire (Spring 2011), 35.

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