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      A Facile and General Method for the Encapsulation of Different Types of Imaging Contrast Agents Within Micrometer-Sized Polymer Beads

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          Abstract

          Polystyrene (PS) hollow beads with holes on the surfaces are employed as containers for quick loading and encapsulation of a variety of contrast enhancement agents: saline solutions for thermoacoustic tomography, iodinated organic compounds for micro-computed tomography, and perfluorooctane for magnetic resonance. Because of the hole on the surface of the PS hollow bead, the contrast agent to be encapsulated could quickly enter the hollow interior via direct flow rather than slow diffusion through the wall. After loading, the hole on the surface is conveniently sealed by annealing the sample at a temperature (e.g., 95 °C) slightly above the glass-transition temperature of PS. In vitro methods are also used to investigate the effectiveness of encapsulation by quantifying the contrast enhancement enabled by the contrast agents.

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          Autonomic healing of polymer composites.

          S R White, N Sottos, P H Geubelle … (2001)
          Structural polymers are susceptible to damage in the form of cracks, which form deep within the structure where detection is difficult and repair is almost impossible. Cracking leads to mechanical degradation of fibre-reinforced polymer composites; in microelectronic polymeric components it can also lead to electrical failure. Microcracking induced by thermal and mechanical fatigue is also a long-standing problem in polymer adhesives. Regardless of the application, once cracks have formed within polymeric materials, the integrity of the structure is significantly compromised. Experiments exploring the concept of self-repair have been previously reported, but the only successful crack-healing methods that have been reported so far require some form of manual intervention. Here we report a structural polymeric material with the ability to autonomically heal cracks. The material incorporates a microencapsulated healing agent that is released upon crack intrusion. Polymerization of the healing agent is then triggered by contact with an embedded catalyst, bonding the crack faces. Our fracture experiments yield as much as 75% recovery in toughness, and we expect that our approach will be applicable to other brittle materials systems (including ceramics and glasses).
          Article 0 comments Cited 821 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Mediating tumor targeting efficiency of nanoparticles through design.

            Steven Perrault, Carl Walkey, Travis Jennings … (2009)
            Here we systematically examined the effect of nanoparticle size (10-100 nm) and surface chemistry (i.e., poly(ethylene glycol)) on passive targeting of tumors in vivo. We found that the physical and chemical properties of the nanoparticles influenced their pharmacokinetic behavior, which ultimately determined their tumor accumulation capacity. Interestingly, the permeation of nanoparticles within the tumor is highly dependent on the overall size of the nanoparticle, where larger nanoparticles appear to stay near the vasculature while smaller nanoparticles rapidly diffuse throughout the tumor matrix. Our results provide design parameters for engineering nanoparticles for optimized tumor targeting of contrast agents and therapeutics.
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              Microbubbles in medical imaging: current applications and future directions.

              R. Lindner (2004)
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Meng-Yi Bai
                Christine H. Moran
                Lei Zhang
                Changjun Liu
                Yu Zhang
                Lihong V. Wang
                Younan Xia
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-journal-id): 101190390
                Journal ID (pubmed-jr-id): 34533
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Adv Funct Mater
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Adv Funct Mater
                Title: Advanced functional materials
                ISSN (Print): 1616-301X
                ISSN (Electronic): 1616-3028
                Publication date Nihms-submitted: 10 December 2019
                Publication date (Electronic): 12 December 2011
                Publication date (Print): 22 February 2012
                Publication date PMC-release: 20 December 2019
                Volume: 22
                Issue: 4
                Pages: 764-770
                Affiliations
                Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA
                Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA
                Department of Medicine, Washington University Medical School, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
                Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA
                Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA
                Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA
                Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA
                Author notes
                [[+]]

                Present address: Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10673, Taiwan

                [[++]]

                Present address: School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China

                Article
                Accession ID: PMC6924621 Pmcid ID: PMC6924621 Pmc-uid ID: 6924621 Manuscript ID: nihpa1060475
                DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201102582
                PMC ID: 6924621
                PubMed ID: 31866803
                SO-VID: 7f8e9323-8761-4d75-bec2-5b6a01190e6e
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