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      Sensory adaptations reshaped intrinsic factors underlying morphological diversification in bats.

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          Abstract

          Morphological evolution may be impacted by both intrinsic (developmental, constructional, physiological) and extrinsic (ecological opportunity and release) factors, but can intrinsic factors be altered by adaptive evolution and, if so, do they constrain or facilitate the subsequent diversification of biological form? Bats underwent deep adaptive divergences in skull shape as they evolved different sensory modes; here we investigate the potential impact of this process on two intrinsic factors that underlie morphological variation across organisms, allometry, and modularity.

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          phytools: an R package for phylogenetic comparative biology (and other things)

          Liam Revell (2012)
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            Ecological opportunity and the origin of adaptive radiations.

            J. Yoder, E Clancey, S. Des Roches … (2010)
            Ecological opportunity--through entry into a new environment, the origin of a key innovation or extinction of antagonists--is widely thought to link ecological population dynamics to evolutionary diversification. The population-level processes arising from ecological opportunity are well documented under the concept of ecological release. However, there is little consensus as to how these processes promote phenotypic diversification, rapid speciation and adaptive radiation. We propose that ecological opportunity could promote adaptive radiation by generating specific changes to the selective regimes acting on natural populations, both by relaxing effective stabilizing selection and by creating conditions that ultimately generate diversifying selection. We assess theoretical and empirical evidence for these effects of ecological opportunity and review emerging phylogenetic approaches that attempt to detect the signature of ecological opportunity across geological time. Finally, we evaluate the evidence for the evolutionary effects of ecological opportunity in the diversification of Caribbean Anolis lizards. Some of the processes that could link ecological opportunity to adaptive radiation are well documented, but others remain unsupported. We suggest that more study is required to characterize the form of natural selection acting on natural populations and to better describe the relationship between ecological opportunity and speciation rates.
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              GEIGER: investigating evolutionary radiations.

              L Harmon, J Weir, C Brock … (2007)
              GEIGER is a new software package, written in the R language, to describe evolutionary radiations. GEIGER can carry out simulations, parameter estimation and statistical hypothesis testing. Additionally, GEIGER's simulation algorithms can be used to analyze the statistical power of comparative approaches. This open source software is written entirely in the R language and is freely available through the Comprehensive R Archive Network (CRAN) at http://cran.r-project.org/.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): BMC Biol
                Title: BMC biology
                Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
                ISSN (Electronic): 1741-7007
                ISSN (Print): 1741-7007
                Publication date (Electronic): Apr 30 2021
                Volume: 19
                Issue: 1
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Present Address: Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, 37132, USA.
                [2 ] Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA.
                [3 ] Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA. ssantana@uw.edu.
                [4 ] Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA. ssantana@uw.edu.
                Article
                Publisher Item ID: 10.1186/s12915-021-01022-3
                DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-01022-3
                PMC ID: 8086122
                PubMed ID: 33931060
                SO-VID: b75d71bb-215a-49bc-aa54-16e947039e69
                History

                Keywords: Echolocation,Geometric morphometrics,Modularity,Skull,Allometry,Comparative phylogenetics
                Data availability:
                Keywords: Echolocation, Geometric morphometrics, Modularity, Skull, Allometry, Comparative phylogenetics

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