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      Kinematic Metrics Based on the Virtual Reality System Toyra as an Assessment of the Upper Limb Rehabilitation in People with Spinal Cord Injury

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          Abstract

          The aim of this study was to develop new strategies based on virtual reality that can provide additional information to clinicians for the rehabilitation assessment. Virtual reality system Toyra has been used to record kinematic information of 15 patients with cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) while performing evaluation sessions using the mentioned system. Positive correlation, with a moderate and very strong association, has been found between clinical scales and kinematic data, considering only the subscales more closely related to the upper limb function. A set of metrics was defined combining these kinematic data to obtain parameters of reaching amplitude, joint amplitude, agility, accuracy, and repeatability during the evaluation sessions of the virtual reality system Toyra. Strong and moderate correlations have been also found between the metrics reaching and joint amplitude and the clinical scales.

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          Incidence, prevalence and epidemiology of spinal cord injury: what learns a worldwide literature survey?

          M Wyndaele, J-J Wyndaele (2006)
          Literature survey. To provide an overview of the literature data on incidence, prevalence and epidemiology of spinal cord injury (SCI) worldwide and to study their evolution since 1977. University Antwerp. The literature from 1995 onwards was searched on Pubmed. To include evolutionary data, we incorporated the results of three older studies. Two studies gave prevalence of SCI, and 17 incidence of SCI. The published data on prevalence of SCI was insufficient to consider the range of 223-755 per million inhabitants to be representative for a worldwide estimate. Reported incidence of SCI lies between 10.4 and 83 per million inhabitants per year. One-third of patients with SCI are reported to be tetraplegic and 50% of patients with SCI to have a complete lesion. The mean age of patients sustaining their injury at is reported as 33 years old, and the sex distribution (men/women) as 3.8/1. There is a need for improved registration of SCI, and publication of the findings in many parts of the world. This survey pleads for uniformity in methodology. The data show that the reported incidence and prevalence have not changed substantially over the past 30 years. Data from Northern America and Europe show higher figures for incidence, but prevalence figures have remained the same. Epidemiology of SCI seems to have changed during the last decades with a higher percentage of tetraplegia and of complete lesions. If such evolution is present worldwide, how it could eventually be prevented needs to be studied. Not applicable.
          Article 0 comments Cited 280 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Reliability and validity of the upper-extremity Motor Activity Log-14 for measuring real-world arm use.

            Gitendra Uswatte, Karen McCulloch, David Morris … (2005)
            In research on Constraint-Induced Movement (CI) therapy, a structured interview, the Motor Activity Log (MAL), is used to assess how stroke survivors use their more-impaired arm outside the laboratory. This article examines the psychometrics of the 14-item version of this instrument in 2 chronic stroke samples with mild-to-moderate upper-extremity hemiparesis. Participants (n=41) in the first study completed MALs before and after CI therapy or a placebo control procedure. In addition, caregivers independently completed a MAL on the participants. Participants (n=27) in the second study completed MALs and wore accelerometers that monitored their arm movements for 3 days outside the laboratory before and after an automated form of CI therapy. Validity of the participant MAL Quality of Movement (QOM) scale was supported. Correlations between pretreatment-to-posttreatment change scores on the participant QOM scale and caregiver MAL QOM scale, caregiver MAL amount of use (AOU) scale, and accelerometer recordings were 0.70, 0.73, and 0.91 (P 0.81), test-retest reliability (r>0.91), stability, and responsiveness (ratio>3) of the participant QOM scale were also supported. The participant AOU and caregiver QOM and AOU scales were internally consistent, stable, and sensitive, but were not reliable. The participant MAL QOM scale can be used exclusively to reliably and validly measure real-world, upper-extremity rehabilitation outcome and functional status in chronic stroke patients with mild-to-moderate hemiparesis.
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              Motor Evaluation in Vascular Hemiplegia

              G Demeurisse, O Demol, E Robaye (1980)
              In vascular hemiplegia, motricity of the upper and lower limbs can be assessed from the examination of a limited number of movements which have been selected by a statistical procedure. For these movements the scores may be weighted on the basis of progress achieved over 2, 4 and 6 months. From the weighted, summed and averaged scores, a motricity index may be derived. This index gives a rapid overall indication of a patient’s progress in motor recovery, permits comparisons between different patients and the establishment of correlations with other clinical data and the values obtained by paraclinical techniques.
              Article 0 comments Cited 100 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Biomed Res Int
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Biomed Res Int
                Journal ID (publisher-id): BMRI
                Title: BioMed Research International
                Publisher: Hindawi Publishing Corporation
                ISSN (Print): 2314-6133
                ISSN (Electronic): 2314-6141
                Publication date (Print): 2014
                Publication date (Electronic): 23 April 2014
                Volume: 2014
                Electronic Location Identifier: 904985
                Affiliations
                1Biomechanics and Technical Aids Department, National Hospital for Spinal Cord Injury, Finca la Peraleda s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain
                2Indra Sistemas, Avenida de Bruselas, 33-35, Alcobendas, 28108 Madrid, Spain
                Author notes
                *Fernando Trincado-Alonso: fernandotrin@ 123456gmail.com

                Academic Editor: Alessandro De Mauro

                Article
                DOI: 10.1155/2014/904985
                PMC ID: 4017839
                PubMed ID: 24895627
                SO-VID: 01ecb172-5ee8-4fe5-adf4-508e0ff98329
                Copyright © Copyright © 2014 Fernando Trincado-Alonso et al.
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 27 December 2013
                Date revision received : 11 February 2014
                Date accepted : 20 February 2014
                Funding
                Funded by: Foundation Rafael del Pino
                Funded by: Foundation of the Spanish National Hospital for Paraplegic Research and Integration (FUHNPAIIN)
                Funded by: INDRA Systems
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article

                Data availability:

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