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      Erratum to: A double-blind, randomized clinical trial of dietary supplementation on cognitive and immune functioning in healthy older adults

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          Abstract

          Correction Since publication of this article [1], the authors have noted three inaccuracies in their report which they would like to amend. The details of these, and the appropriate corrections are detailed below: The Placebo group bars in Figure two (Figure 1 here) were incorrect. The corrected version of this figure can be seen in Figure 1. This correction does not alter the results or interpretation. At the beginning of the discussion, it was stated that the TMT-B time score showed an improvement of 68% after 3 months. This value is incorrect, as the correct value is 18%. While, this change is large it does not change the interpretation or other discussion points. In the Methods section Intervention and Randomization on page 3, the amount of daily vitamin D delivered from the Catalyn should be 416 IU/day, not 312 IU/day. This has no consequences on the results, but improves accuracy of study design reporting. Figure 1 The CONSORT flowchart.

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          A double-blind, randomized clinical trial of dietary supplementation on cognitive and immune functioning in healthy older adults

          Background Declining cognitive function is relatively common and increasingly prevalent. Studies have shown that different nutrients (e.g., Ginkgo biloba and vitamin E) appear to be effective at improving memory and concentration, while less is known about their effect on immunity. Methods This study investigated the effect of Ginkgo Synergy® plus Choline (n = 33) and OPC Synergy® plus Catalyn® (n = 31) versus placebo (n = 33) in a 6-month, randomized, double-blind trial on cognitive and immune functioning among English-speaking, non-smoking, healthy older adults. The Stroop Color and Word Test, Trail Making Test A and B, Controlled Oral Word Association, Hopkins Verbal Learning, Mini-Mental State Exam, and Digit Symbol were administered at baseline and 3 and 6 months follow-up to assess cognitive functioning. Cytokines and growth factors were measured at baseline and 6 months to assess inflammation and immune functioning. Data were analyzed with linear mixed modeling. Results No serious adverse events were noted in this study. According to time on the Trail Making Test-B, the Ginkgo Synergy® plus Choline arm showed improvement from baseline to 3 months follow-up (mean difference = 24.2; SE = 6.4; 95% CI: 8.6, 39.7; p = 0.01). On the Controlled Oral Word Association Trial-S, the scores significantly increased for the Ginkgo Synergy® plus Choline arm from baseline to 6 months follow-up (mean difference = 2.1; SE = 0.8; 95% CI: 0.2, 3.9; p < 0.05) and for the OPC Synergy® plus Catalyn® arm from baseline to 3 months follow-up (mean difference = 2.1; SE = 0.8; 95% CI: 0.2, 4.0; p < 0.05). Epidermal growth factor significantly decreased from baseline to 6 months follow-up for the Ginkgo Synergy® plus Choline arm (mean difference = 120.7; SE = 28.4; 95% CI: 62.6, 178.8; p < 0.001). Conclusions Our study showed isolated and modest effects of a Ginkgo biloba plus choline-based formula on cognitive and immune functioning among healthy older adults with no history of significant cognitive deficits. Our trial was registered with clinicaltrials.gov (ID: NCT01672359). This study was supported by a grant from Standard Process, Inc.
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            Author and article information

            Contributors
            jelewis@miami.edu
            AMelillo@med.miami.edu
            ETiozzo@med.miami.edu
            larrychen07@gmail.com
            susannamleonard@gmail.com
            MHowell@med.miami.edu
            janelled314@gmail.com
            KGonzalez@med.miami.edu
            JWoolger@med.miami.edu
            JKonefal@med.miami.edu
            prior.paterson@gmail.com
            dbarnes@Standardprocess.com
            Journal
            BMC Complement Altern Med
            BMC Complement Altern Med
            BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine
            BioMed Central (London )
            1472-6882
            4 September 2014
            4 September 2014
            2014
            : 14
            : 332
            Affiliations
            Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1120 NW 14th Street, Miami, FL 33136 USA
            Article
            1905
            10.1186/1472-6882-14-332
            4464134
            04ce456c-f42c-41d1-abc7-05a0e52d385f
            © Lewis et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2014

            This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

            History
            : 31 July 2014
            : 4 August 2014
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            © The Author(s) 2014

            Complementary & Alternative medicine
            Complementary & Alternative medicine

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