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      Nanoscale Drug Delivery Systems in Glioblastoma

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          Abstract

          Glioblastoma is the most aggressive cerebral tumor in adults. However, the current pharmaceuticals in GBM treatment are mainly restricted to few chemotherapeutic drugs and have limited efficacy. Therefore, various nanoscale biomaterials that possess distinct structure and unique property were constructed as vehicles to precisely deliver molecules with potential therapeutic effect. In this review, nanoparticle drug delivery systems including CNTs, GBNs, C-dots, MOFs, Liposomes, MSNs, GNPs, PMs, Dendrimers and Nanogel were exemplified. The advantages and disadvantages of these nanoparticles in GBM treatment were illustrated.

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          Predictive correlates of response to the anti-PD-L1 antibody MPDL3280A in cancer patients.

          Roy S. Herbst, Jean-Charles Soria, Marcin Kowanetz … (2014)
          The development of human cancer is a multistep process characterized by the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations that drive or reflect tumour progression. These changes distinguish cancer cells from their normal counterparts, allowing tumours to be recognized as foreign by the immune system. However, tumours are rarely rejected spontaneously, reflecting their ability to maintain an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1; also called B7-H1 or CD274), which is expressed on many cancer and immune cells, plays an important part in blocking the 'cancer immunity cycle' by binding programmed death-1 (PD-1) and B7.1 (CD80), both of which are negative regulators of T-lymphocyte activation. Binding of PD-L1 to its receptors suppresses T-cell migration, proliferation and secretion of cytotoxic mediators, and restricts tumour cell killing. The PD-L1-PD-1 axis protects the host from overactive T-effector cells not only in cancer but also during microbial infections. Blocking PD-L1 should therefore enhance anticancer immunity, but little is known about predictive factors of efficacy. This study was designed to evaluate the safety, activity and biomarkers of PD-L1 inhibition using the engineered humanized antibody MPDL3280A. Here we show that across multiple cancer types, responses (as evaluated by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours, version 1.1) were observed in patients with tumours expressing high levels of PD-L1, especially when PD-L1 was expressed by tumour-infiltrating immune cells. Furthermore, responses were associated with T-helper type 1 (TH1) gene expression, CTLA4 expression and the absence of fractalkine (CX3CL1) in baseline tumour specimens. Together, these data suggest that MPDL3280A is most effective in patients in which pre-existing immunity is suppressed by PD-L1, and is re-invigorated on antibody treatment.
          Article 0 comments Cited 1126 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            A new concept for macromolecular therapeutics in cancer chemotherapy: mechanism of tumoritropic accumulation of proteins and the antitumor agent smancs.

            Y Matsumura, H. Maeda (1986)
            We previously found that a polymer conjugated to the anticancer protein neocarzinostatin, named smancs, accumulated more in tumor tissues than did neocarzinostatin. To determine the general mechanism of this tumoritropic accumulation of smancs and other proteins, we used radioactive (51Cr-labeled) proteins of various molecular sizes (Mr 12,000 to 160,000) and other properties. In addition, we used dye-complexed serum albumin to visualize the accumulation in tumors of tumor-bearing mice. Many proteins progressively accumulated in the tumor tissues of these mice, and a ratio of the protein concentration in the tumor to that in the blood of 5 was obtained within 19 to 72 h. A large protein like immunoglobulin G required a longer time to reach this value of 5. The protein concentration ratio in the tumor to that in the blood of neither 1 nor 5 was achieved with neocarzinostatin, a representative of a small protein (Mr 12,000) in all time. We speculate that the tumoritropic accumulation of these proteins resulted because of the hypervasculature, an enhanced permeability to even macromolecules, and little recovery through either blood vessels or lymphatic vessels. This accumulation of macromolecules in the tumor was also found after i.v. injection of an albumin-dye complex (Mr 69,000), as well as after injection into normal and tumor tissues. The complex was retained only by tumor tissue for prolonged periods. There was little lymphatic recovery of macromolecules from tumor tissue. The present finding is of potential value in macromolecular tumor therapeutics and diagnosis.
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              Stimuli-responsive nanocarriers for drug delivery.

              Simona Mura, Julien Nicolas, Patrick Couvreur … (2014)
              Spurred by recent progress in materials chemistry and drug delivery, stimuli-responsive devices that deliver a drug in spatial-, temporal- and dosage-controlled fashions have become possible. Implementation of such devices requires the use of biocompatible materials that are susceptible to a specific physical incitement or that, in response to a specific stimulus, undergo a protonation, a hydrolytic cleavage or a (supra)molecular conformational change. In this Review, we discuss recent advances in the design of nanoscale stimuli-responsive systems that are able to control drug biodistribution in response to specific stimuli, either exogenous (variations in temperature, magnetic field, ultrasound intensity, light or electric pulses) or endogenous (changes in pH, enzyme concentration or redox gradients).
              Article 0 comments Cited 848 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Qian Liu: cardioqian@sdu.edu.cn
                Tao Xin: finnick@mail.sdu.edu.cn , drxintao@yeah.net
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Nanoscale Res Lett
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Nanoscale Res Lett
                Title: Nanoscale Research Letters
                Publisher: Springer US (New York )
                ISSN (Print): 1931-7573
                ISSN (Electronic): 1556-276X
                Publication date (Electronic): 16 February 2022
                Publication date PMC-release: 16 February 2022
                Publication date Collection: 2022
                Volume: 17
                Electronic Location Identifier: 27
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.27255.37, ISNI 0000 0004 1761 1174, Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, , Shandong University, ; Jinan, 250021 China
                [2 ]GRID grid.27255.37, ISNI 0000 0004 1761 1174, Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, , Shandong University, ; Jinan, 250014 China
                [3 ]GRID grid.452422.7, ISNI 0000 0004 0604 7301, Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, , Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, ; Jinan, 250014 China
                [4 ]GRID grid.27255.37, ISNI 0000 0004 1761 1174, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, , Shandong University, ; Jinan, 250012 China
                [5 ]GRID grid.415002.2, ISNI 0000 0004 1757 8108, Department of Neurosurgery, , Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, ; Nanchang Jiangxi, 330006 China
                Article
                Publisher ID: 3668
                DOI: 10.1186/s11671-022-03668-6
                PMC ID: 8850533
                PubMed ID: 35171358
                SO-VID: 067a52b1-f0ba-42b8-bb22-9793568740e0
                Copyright © © The Author(s) 2022
                License:

                Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

                History
                Date received : 25 November 2021
                Date accepted : 9 February 2022
                Funding
                Funded by: Natural Science Foundation of China
                Award ID: 81471517
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: Key project of Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation
                Award ID: ZR202010300086
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province
                Award ID: 2019GSF107046
                Award Recipient :
                Categories
                Subject: Review
                Custom metadata
                issue-copyright-statement © The Author(s) 2022

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Nanomaterials
                Keywords: glioblastoma,nanoparticles,biomaterials,drug delivery systems
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Nanomaterials
                Keywords: glioblastoma, nanoparticles, biomaterials, drug delivery systems

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