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      Exercise for reducing fear of falling in older people living in the community

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          Abstract

          Fear of falling is common in older people and associated with serious physical and psychosocial consequences. Exercise (planned, structured, repetitive and purposive physical activity aimed at improving physical fitness) may reduce fear of falling by improving strength, gait, balance and mood, and reducing the occurrence of falls.

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          Interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the community

          Lesley Gillespie, M. Clare Robertson, William J Gillespie … (2012)
          Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
          Article 0 comments Cited 747 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Development and initial validation of the Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I).

            Lucy Yardley, Nina Beyer, Klaus Hauer … (2005)
            There is a need for a measure of fear of falling that assesses both easy and difficult physical activities and social activities and is suitable for use in a range of languages and cultural contexts, permitting direct comparison between studies and populations in different countries and settings. To develop a modified version of the Falls Efficacy Scale to satisfy this need, and to establish its psychometric properties, reliability, and concurrent validity (i.e. that it demonstrates the expected relationship with age, falls history and falls risk factors). Cross-sectional survey. Community sample. 704 people aged between 60 and 95 years completed The Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I) either in postal self-completion format or by structured interview. The FES-I had excellent internal and test-retest reliability (Cronbach's alpha=0.96, ICC=0.96). Factor analysis suggested a unitary underlying factor, with two dimensions assessing concern about less demanding physical activities mainly in the home, and concern about more demanding physical activities mainly outside the home. The FES-I had slightly better power than the original FES items to discriminate differences in concern about falling between groups differentiated by sex, age, occupation, falls in the past year, and falls risk factors (chronic illness, taking multiple or psychoactive medications, dizziness). The FES-I has close continuity with the best existing measure of fear of falling, excellent psychometric properties, and assesses concerns relating to basic and more demanding activities, both physical and social. Further research is required to confirm cross-cultural and predictive validity.
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              Falls efficacy as a measure of fear of falling.

              M E Tinetti, D Richman, L. Powell (1990)
              We developed the Falls Efficacy Scale (FES), an instrument to measure fear of falling, based on the operational definition of this fear as "low perceived self-efficacy at avoiding falls during essential, nonhazardous activities of daily living." The reliability and validity of the FES were assessed in two samples of community-living elderly persons. The FES showed good test-retest reliability (Pearson's correlation 0.71). Subjects who reported avoiding activities because of fear of falling had higher FES scores, representing lower self-efficacy or confidence, than subjects not reporting fear of falling. The independent predictors of FES score were usual walking pace (a measure of physical ability), anxiety, and depression. The FES appears to be a reliable and valid method for measuring fear of falling. This instrument may be useful in assessing the independent contribution of fear of falling to functional decline among elderly people.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (publisher-id): 146518
                Title: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
                Publisher: Wiley
                ISSN (Electronic): 14651858
                Publication date Created: October 2015
                Publication date (Electronic): November 28 2014
                Volume: 2015
                Issue: 10
                Affiliations
                [1 ]The University of Nottingham; Division of Primary Care, School of Medicine; Floor 13, Tower Building University Park Nottingham UK NG7 2RD
                [2 ]University of Nottingham; School of Medicine, Division of Primary Care; Queen's Medical Centre (B-Floor) Derby Road Nottingham UK NG2 6SN
                [3 ]Maastricht University; Department of Health Services Research and CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care; P O Box 616 Maastricht Netherlands 6200 MD
                [4 ]Glasgow Caledonian University; School of Health & Life Sciences, Institute of Applied Health Research; Cowcaddens Rd Glasgow UK G4 0BA
                [5 ]University College London; Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street London UK NW3 2PF
                [6 ]University of Surrey; School of Economics; Guildford Surrey UK GU2 7XH
                [7 ]Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust; Queens Medical Centre Campus Nottingham UK NG7 2UH
                [8 ]University of Southampton; Faculty of Health Sciences; Building 45 Highfield Campus Southampton UK SO17 1BJ
                [9 ]Fitness for a Certain Age; London UK
                [10 ]University of Bristol; School of Social and Community Medicine; Canynge Hall 39 Whatley Road Bristol UK BS8 2PS
                [11 ]Royal Free Campus, UCL Medical School; Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health; London UK
                [12 ]University of New South Wales; Neuroscience Research Australia; Barker Street Randwick, Sydney New South Wales Australia 2223
                Article
                DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD009848.pub2
                PMC ID: 7388865
                PubMed ID: 25432016
                SO-VID: 0934e34d-20de-4649-a3e1-c5a2ab012d88
                Copyright © © 2014
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