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      Explosão da mortalidade no epicentro amazônico da epidemia de COVID-19 Translated title: Explosion in mortality in the Amazonian epicenter of the COVID-19 epidemic 19 Translated title: Explosión de la mortalidad en el epicentro amazónico de la epidemia de COVID-19

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          Abstract

          Manaus, capital do estado brasileiro do Amazonas, é o atual epicentro da epidemia na Amazônia com um aumento repentino de mortes que preocupa gestores e sociedade. O objetivo do estudo foi analisar o excesso na mortalidade geral, segundo Semanas Epidemiológicas (SE), visando a identificar mudanças potencialmente associadas à epidemia em Manaus. Dados de mortalidade geral e grupos de causas foram obtidos na Central de Informações do Registro Civil Nacional e no Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade, para 2018, 2019 e 2020. Analisou-se faixa etária, sexo, local de ocorrência do óbito, SE, ano-calendário e causas de morte. Calcularam-se razões entre as mortes ocorridas em 2019/2018 e 2020/2019 para avaliar o excesso de mortes, com intervalos de confiança no nível de 5%. Não observou-se excesso de mortalidade geral significativo nas razões 2019/2018, independentemente da SE. Já as razões de 2020/2019 passaram de 1,0 (IC95%: 0,9-1,3) na SE 12 para 4,6 (IC95%: 3,9-5,3) na SE 17. Observou-se excesso de mortalidade geral com a progressão da idade, especialmente em indivíduos com 60 anos e mais, os quais concentraram 69,1% (IC95%: 66,8-71,4) das mortes. A razão 2020/2019 para óbitos em domicílio/via pública foi de 1,1 (IC95%: 0,7-1,8) na SE 12 e de 7,8 (IC95%: 5,4-11,2) na SE 17. A explosão da mortalidade geral em Manaus e a elevada proporção de óbitos em domicílio/via pública expõe a gravidade da epidemia em contextos de grande desigualdade social e fraca efetividade de ações governamentais, em especial aquelas voltadas ao enfrentamento das desigualdades sociais e para a garantia e fortalecimento do Sistema Único de Saúde.

          Translated abstract

          Manaus, the capital of the Brazilian State of Amazonas, is the current epicenter of the COVID-19 epidemic in Amazonia. The sharp increase in deaths is a huge concern for health system administrators and society. The study aimed to analyze excess overall mortality according to Epidemiological Week (EW) in order to identify changes potentially associated with the epidemic in Manaus. Overall and cause-specific mortality data were obtained from the Central Database of the National Civil Registry and the Mortality Information System for 2018, 2019, and 2020. The study analyzed age bracket, sex, place of death, EW, calendar year, and causes of death. Ratios were calculated between deaths in 2019/2018 and 2020/2019 to estimate excess deaths, with 5% confidence intervals. No significant excess overall mortality was seen in the ratios for 2019/2018, independently of EW. Meanwhile, the ratios for 2020/2019 increased from 1.0 (95%CI: 0.9-1.3) in EW 11 to 4.6 (95%CI: 3.9-5.3) in EW 17. Excess overall mortality was observed with increasing age, especially in individuals 60 years or older, who accounted for 69.1% (95%CI: 66.8-71.4) of the deaths. The ratios for 2020/2019 for deaths at home or on public byways were 1.1 (95%CI: 0.7-1.8) in EW 12 and 7.8 (95%CI: 5.4-11.2) in EW 17. The explosion in overall mortality in Manaus and the high proportion of deaths at home or on public byways reveals the epidemic’s severity in contexts of heavy social inequality and weak effectiveness of government policies, especially policies meant to deal with social inequalities and strengthen the Unified Health System.

          Translated abstract

          Manaus, capital del estado brasileño del Amazonas, es el actual epicentro de la epidemia en Amazonia y el aumento repentino de muertes preocupa a gestores y a la sociedad. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar el exceso en la mortalidad general, según Semanas Epidemiológicas (SE), con el objetivo de identificar cambios potencialmente asociados a la epidemia en Manaus. Los datos de mortalidad general y grupos de causas se obtuvieron en la Central de Información del Registro Civil Nacional y en el Sistema de Información sobre Mortalidad, referentes a 2018, 2019 y 2020. Se analizó franja de edad, sexo, lugar donde se produjo el fallecimiento, SE, año-calendario y causas de muerte. Se calcularon las causas entre las muertes acaecidas en 2019/2018 y 2020/2019 para evaluar el exceso de muertes, con intervalos de confianza en el nivel de 5%. No se observó un exceso de mortalidad general significativo en las causas 2019/2018, independientemente de la SE. Ya las causas de 2020/2019 pasaron de 1,0 (IC95%: 0,9-1,3) en la SE 12 a 4,6 (IC95%: 3,9-5,3) en la SE 17. Se observó un exceso de mortalidad general con la progresión de la edad, especialmente en individuos con 60 años y más, quienes concentraron un 69,1% (IC95%: 66,8-71,4) de las muertes. La razón 2020/2019 para óbitos en domicilio/vía pública fue de 1,1 (IC95%: 0,7-1,8) en la SE 12 y de 7,8 (IC95%: 5,4-11,2) en la SE 17. La explosión de la mortalidad general en Manaus y la elevada proporción de óbitos en domicilio/vía pública expone la gravedad de la epidemia en contextos de gran desigualdad social y débil efectividad de las acciones gubernamentales, en especial aquellas dirigidas al combate de las desigualdades sociales y para la garantía y fortalecimiento del Sistema Único de Salud.

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          Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China

          Summary Background A recent cluster of pneumonia cases in Wuhan, China, was caused by a novel betacoronavirus, the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). We report the epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and radiological characteristics and treatment and clinical outcomes of these patients. Methods All patients with suspected 2019-nCoV were admitted to a designated hospital in Wuhan. We prospectively collected and analysed data on patients with laboratory-confirmed 2019-nCoV infection by real-time RT-PCR and next-generation sequencing. Data were obtained with standardised data collection forms shared by WHO and the International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection Consortium from electronic medical records. Researchers also directly communicated with patients or their families to ascertain epidemiological and symptom data. Outcomes were also compared between patients who had been admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and those who had not. Findings By Jan 2, 2020, 41 admitted hospital patients had been identified as having laboratory-confirmed 2019-nCoV infection. Most of the infected patients were men (30 [73%] of 41); less than half had underlying diseases (13 [32%]), including diabetes (eight [20%]), hypertension (six [15%]), and cardiovascular disease (six [15%]). Median age was 49·0 years (IQR 41·0–58·0). 27 (66%) of 41 patients had been exposed to Huanan seafood market. One family cluster was found. Common symptoms at onset of illness were fever (40 [98%] of 41 patients), cough (31 [76%]), and myalgia or fatigue (18 [44%]); less common symptoms were sputum production (11 [28%] of 39), headache (three [8%] of 38), haemoptysis (two [5%] of 39), and diarrhoea (one [3%] of 38). Dyspnoea developed in 22 (55%) of 40 patients (median time from illness onset to dyspnoea 8·0 days [IQR 5·0–13·0]). 26 (63%) of 41 patients had lymphopenia. All 41 patients had pneumonia with abnormal findings on chest CT. Complications included acute respiratory distress syndrome (12 [29%]), RNAaemia (six [15%]), acute cardiac injury (five [12%]) and secondary infection (four [10%]). 13 (32%) patients were admitted to an ICU and six (15%) died. Compared with non-ICU patients, ICU patients had higher plasma levels of IL2, IL7, IL10, GSCF, IP10, MCP1, MIP1A, and TNFα. Interpretation The 2019-nCoV infection caused clusters of severe respiratory illness similar to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and was associated with ICU admission and high mortality. Major gaps in our knowledge of the origin, epidemiology, duration of human transmission, and clinical spectrum of disease need fulfilment by future studies. Funding Ministry of Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Natural Science Foundation of China, and Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission.
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            Association of Cardiac Injury With Mortality in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19 in Wuhan, China

            Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide since December 2019. However, information on cardiac injury in patients affected by COVID-19 is limited.
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              Case-Fatality Rate and Characteristics of Patients Dying in Relation to COVID-19 in Italy

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                csp
                Cadernos de Saúde Pública
                Cad. Saúde Pública
                Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil )
                0102-311X
                1678-4464
                2020
                : 36
                : 7
                : e00120020
                Affiliations
                [2] Rio de Janeiro orgnameFundação Oswaldo Cruz orgdiv1Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca Brazil
                [4] Pelotas Rio Grande do Sul orgnameUniversidade Federal de Pelotas orgdiv1Centro de Pesquisas Epidemiológicas Brazil
                [1] Manaus orgnameFundação Oswaldo Cruz orgdiv1Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane Brazil
                [3] Manaus Amazonas orgnameUniversidade do Estado do Amazonas Brazil
                Article
                S0102-311X2020000806001 S0102-311X(20)03600706001
                10.1590/0102-311x00120020
                32638881
                09c1f83c-e015-486b-bbae-6758b8dcd155

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 23 May 2020
                : 12 May 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 19, Pages: 0
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                SciELO Public Health

                Self URI: Full text available only in PDF format (EN)
                Self URI: Texto completo somente em PDF (PT)
                Categories
                Comunicação Breve

                Mortalidade,Vigilância em Saúde Pública,Populações Vulneráveis,COVID-19,Mortality,Public Health Surveillance,Vulnerable Populations,Mortalidad,Vigilancia en Salud Pública,Poblaciones Vulnerables

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