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      Avaliação de habilidades preliminares de leitura e escrita no início da alfabetização Translated title: Assessment of reading and writing preliminary skills at the beginning of literacy

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          Abstract

          Habilidades preliminares de leitura e escrita envolvem a capacidade de reconhecimento das letras e sons do alfabeto e a capacidade de codificar e decodificar letras, sílabas ou palavras isoladas. Evidências sugerem que sua aquisição é determinante para o posterior sucesso acadêmico ao longo da educação básica, reiterando a importância da avaliação precoce. Considerando a escassez de instrumentos de avaliação nacionais, o objetivo deste estudo é apresentar e disponibilizar o Teste de Leitura e Escrita (TLE) e a Tarefa de Reconhecimento das Letras e Sons (TRLS) como alternativas padronizadas de avaliação de habilidades preliminares de leitura e escrita para crianças logo ao início da alfabetização. Participaram dessa pesquisa 90 crianças, com idade média de 4,91 anos, matriculadas no Jardim I e II de uma escola particular da região central da cidade de São Paulo. Para avaliação da linguagem escrita, foram utilizados o TLE e a TRLS. Para avaliação de habilidades de linguagem oral, foram utilizados quatro instrumentos: Prova de Consciência Fonológica por Produção Oral, Teste de Vocabulário por Imagem Peabody, Teste Infantil de Nomeação e Teste de Repetição de Palavras e Pseudopalavras. Os resultados corroboram a literatura da área, evidenciando que as habilidades de linguagem oral e escrita tendem a aumentar com a progressão escolar e que as mesmas encontram-se estatisticamente associadas intra e entre domínios. Espera-se, com este estudo, contribuir para possibilitar a avaliação e a identificação de prejuízos em habilidades preliminares em leitura e escrita no início da alfabetização e, como consequência, a introdução de intervenções em idades precoces.

          Translated abstract

          Preliminary reading and writing skills include the ability to recognize alphabet letters and sounds and the ability to encode and decode isolated letters, syllables, or words. Evidence suggests that its acquisition is determinant for subsequent academic success throughout basic education, reiterating the importance of early evaluation. Considering the scarcity of national assessment instruments, the objective of this study is to present and to provide the Reading and Writing Test (RWT) and the Letter and Sound Recognition Task (TRLS) as a standardized alternative for the evaluation of preliminary reading and writing skills for children early in literacy. Participants were 90 children, with an average age of 4.91 years, enrolled in Kindergarten I and II of a private school in the central region of São Paulo city. For the written language evaluation, the RWT and the TRLS were used. For the oral language skills evaluation, four instruments were used: The Phonological Awareness Test by Oral Production, the Peabody Image Vocabulary Test, the Child Naming Test and Pseudowords and Words Repetition Test. The results corroborate the literature of the area, evidencing that oral and written language skills tend to increase with school progression and that they are statistically associated intra and between domains. With this study, we hope to contribute to the evaluation and identification of impairments in reading and writing skills at the beginning of literacy and, as a consequence, the introduction of interventions at early ages.

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          Most cited references31

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          Oral language and code-related precursors to reading: evidence from a longitudinal structural model.

          This study examined code-related and oral language precursors to reading in a longitudinal study of 626 children from preschool through 4th grade. Code-related precursors, including print concepts and phonological awareness, and oral language were assessed in preschool and kindergarten. Reading accuracy and reading comprehension skills were examined in 1st through 4th grades. Results demonstrated that (a) the relationship between code-related precursors and oral language is strong during preschool; (b) there is a high degree of continuity over time of both code-related and oral language abilities; (c) during early elementary school, reading ability is predominantly determined by the level of print knowledge and phonological awareness a child brings from kindergarten; and (d) in later elementary school, reading accuracy and reading comprehension appear to be 2 separate abilities that are influenced by different sets of skills.
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            The development of cognitive and academic abilities: growth curves from an early childhood educational experiment.

            In the Abecedarian Project, a prospective randomized trial, the effects of early educational intervention on patterns of cognitive and academic development among poor, minority children were examined. Participants in the follow-up were 104 of the original 111 participants in the study (98% African American). Early treatment was full-time, high-quality, educational child care from infancy to age 5. Cognitive test scores collected between the ages of 3 and 21 years and academic test scores from 8 to 21 years were analyzed. Treated children, on average, attained higher scores on both cognitive and academic tests, with moderate to large treatment effect sizes observed through age 21. Preschool cognitive gains accounted for a substantial portion of treatment differences in the development of reading and math skills. Intensive early childhood education can have long-lasting effects on cognitive and academic development.
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              Desenvolvimento linguístico da criança dos dois aos seis anos: Tradução e estandardização do Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test de Dunn & Dunn, e da Language Development Survey de Rescorla

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                psicoped
                Revista Psicopedagogia
                Rev. psicopedag.
                Associacao Brasileira de Psicopedagogia (São Paulo, SP, Brazil )
                0103-8486
                2017
                : 34
                : 104
                : 137-147
                Affiliations
                [02] orgnameUniversidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie
                [01] São Paulo SP orgnameUniversidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie Brasil
                Article
                S0103-84862017000200004
                0f0d5585-cf21-49bf-ac76-96429dc7ddf1

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 02 June 2017
                : 20 June 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 46, Pages: 11
                Product

                SciELO Periódicos Eletrônicos em Psicologia


                Neuropsychology,Child,Preschool,Education,Alfabetização,Avaliação Educacional,Neuropsicologia,Pré-Escolar,Educação,Literacy,Educational Measurement

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