Synergistic Effect of Biomaterial and Stem Cell for Skin Tissue Engineering in Cutaneous Wound Healing: A Concise Review

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Abstract

Skin tissue engineering has made remarkable progress in wound healing treatment with the advent of newer fabrication strategies using natural/synthetic polymers and stem cells. Stem cell therapy is used to treat a wide range of injuries and degenerative diseases of the skin. Nevertheless, many related studies demonstrated modest improvement in organ functions due to the low survival rate of transplanted cells at the targeted injured area. Thus, incorporating stem cells into biomaterial offer niches to transplanted stem cells, enhancing their delivery and therapeutic effects. Currently, through the skin tissue engineering approach, many attempts have employed biomaterials as a platform to improve the engraftment of implanted cells and facilitate the function of exogenous cells by mimicking the tissue microenvironment. This review aims to identify the limitations of stem cell therapy in wound healing treatment and potentially highlight how the use of various biomaterials can enhance the therapeutic efficiency of stem cells in tissue regeneration post-implantation. Moreover, the review discusses the combined effects of stem cells and biomaterials in in vitro and in vivo settings followed by identifying the key factors contributing to the treatment outcomes. Apart from stem cells and biomaterials, the role of growth factors and other cellular substitutes used in effective wound healing treatment has been mentioned. In conclusion, the synergistic effect of biomaterials and stem cells provided significant effectiveness in therapeutic outcomes mainly in wound healing improvement.

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Most cited references 142

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Stem cells: past, present, and future

Wojciech J. Zakrzewski, Maciej Dobrzyński, Maria Szymonowicz … (2019)

In recent years, stem cell therapy has become a very promising and advanced scientific research topic. The development of treatment methods has evoked great expectations. This paper is a review focused on the discovery of different stem cells and the potential therapies based on these cells. The genesis of stem cells is followed by laboratory steps of controlled stem cell culturing and derivation. Quality control and teratoma formation assays are important procedures in assessing the properties of the stem cells tested. Derivation methods and the utilization of culturing media are crucial to set proper environmental conditions for controlled differentiation. Among many types of stem tissue applications, the use of graphene scaffolds and the potential of extracellular vesicle-based therapies require attention due to their versatility. The review is summarized by challenges that stem cell therapy must overcome to be accepted worldwide. A wide variety of possibilities makes this cutting edge therapy a turning point in modern medicine, providing hope for untreatable diseases.

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Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering: State of the art and new perspectives.

Isabella Bartolotti, Giovanna Desando, Carola Cavallo … (2017)

This review is intended to give a state of the art description of scaffold-based strategies utilized in Bone Tissue Engineering. Numerous scaffolds have been tested in the orthopedic field with the aim of improving cell viability, attachment, proliferation and homing, osteogenic differentiation, vascularization, host integration and load bearing. The main traits that characterize a scaffold suitable for bone regeneration concerning its biological requirements, structural features, composition, and types of fabrication are described in detail. Attention is then focused on conventional and Rapid Prototyping scaffold manufacturing techniques. Conventional manufacturing approaches are subtractive methods where parts of the material are removed from an initial block to achieve the desired shape. Rapid Prototyping techniques, introduced to overcome standard techniques limitations, are additive fabrication processes that manufacture the final three-dimensional object via deposition of overlying layers. An important improvement is the possibility to create custom-made products by means of computer assisted technologies, starting from patient's medical images. As a conclusion, it is highlighted that, despite its encouraging results, the clinical approach of Bone Tissue Engineering has not taken place on a large scale yet, due to the need of more in depth studies, its high manufacturing costs and the difficulty to obtain regulatory approval. PUBMED search terms utilized to write this review were: "Bone Tissue Engineering", "regenerative medicine", "bioactive scaffolds", "biomimetic scaffolds", "3D printing", "3D bioprinting", "vascularization" and "dentistry".

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Skin Wound Healing Process and New Emerging Technologies for Skin Wound Care and Regeneration

Erika Maria Tottoli, Rossella Dorati, Ida Genta … (2020)

Skin wound healing shows an extraordinary cellular function mechanism, unique in nature and involving the interaction of several cells, growth factors and cytokines. Physiological wound healing restores tissue integrity, but in many cases the process is limited to wound repair. Ongoing studies aim to obtain more effective wound therapies with the intention of reducing inpatient costs, providing long-term relief and effective scar healing. The main goal of this comprehensive review is to focus on the progress in wound medication and how it has evolved over the years. The main complications related to the healing process and the clinical management of chronic wounds are described in the review. Moreover, advanced treatment strategies for skin regeneration and experimental techniques for cellular engineering and skin tissue engineering are addressed. Emerging skin regeneration techniques involving scaffolds activated with growth factors, bioactive molecules and genetically modified cells are exploited to overcome wound healing technology limitations and to implement personalized therapy design.

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Contributors

Young-Sam Cho: Role: Academic Editor

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Polymers (Basel)

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Polymers (Basel)

Journal ID (publisher-id): polymers

Title: Polymers

Publisher: MDPI

ISSN (Electronic): 2073-4360

Publication date (Electronic): 12 May 2021

Publication date Collection: May 2021

Volume: 13

Issue: 10

Electronic Location Identifier: 1546

Affiliations

Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; shaimariha11@ 123456gmail.com (S.M.R.); manira@ 123456ppukm.ukm.edu.my (M.M.)

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[* ]Correspondence: fauzibusra@ 123456ukm.edu.my ; Tel.: +60-196-551-020

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Mh Busra Fauzi https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6449-639X

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Publisher ID: polymers-13-01546

DOI: 10.3390/polym13101546

PMC ID: 8150744

PubMed ID: 34065898

SO-VID: 102ef147-8124-4a68-b43e-b9445b604200

License:

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

Synergistic Effect of Biomaterial and Stem Cell for Skin Tissue Engineering in Cutaneous Wound Healing: A Concise Review

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Universal stem cells

Most cited references 142

Stem cells: past, present, and future

Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering: State of the art and new perspectives.

Skin Wound Healing Process and New Emerging Technologies for Skin Wound Care and Regeneration

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