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      Copper(II) Binding to α-Synuclein, the Parkinson’s Protein

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      Publication date (Electronic):
      Journal: Journal of the American Chemical Society
      Publisher: American Chemical Society

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          Abstract

          Variations in tryptophan fluorescence intensities confirm that copper(II) interacts with α-synuclein, a protein implicated in Parkinson’s disease. Trp4 fluorescence decay kinetics measured for the F4W protein show that Cu(II) binds tightly ( K d ∼ 100 nM) near the N-terminus at pH 7. Work on a F4W/H50S mutant indicates that a histidine imidazole is not a ligand in this high-affinity site.

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          Rapid planetesimal formation in turbulent circumstellar discs

          Anders Johansen, Jeffrey S. Oishi, Mordecai-Mark Mac Low … (2007)
          The initial stages of planet formation in circumstellar gas discs proceed via dust grains that collide and build up larger and larger bodies (Safronov 1969). How this process continues from metre-sized boulders to kilometre-scale planetesimals is a major unsolved problem (Dominik et al. 2007): boulders stick together poorly (Benz 2000), and spiral into the protostar in a few hundred orbits due to a head wind from the slower rotating gas (Weidenschilling 1977). Gravitational collapse of the solid component has been suggested to overcome this barrier (Safronov 1969, Goldreich & Ward 1973, Youdin & Shu 2002). Even low levels of turbulence, however, inhibit sedimentation of solids to a sufficiently dense midplane layer (Weidenschilling & Cuzzi 1993, Dominik et al. 2007), but turbulence must be present to explain observed gas accretion in protostellar discs (Hartmann 1998). Here we report the discovery of efficient gravitational collapse of boulders in locally overdense regions in the midplane. The boulders concentrate initially in transient high pressures in the turbulent gas (Johansen, Klahr, & Henning 2006), and these concentrations are augmented a further order of magnitude by a streaming instability (Youdin & Goodman 2005, Johansen, Henning, & Klahr 2006, Johansen & Youdin 2007) driven by the relative flow of gas and solids. We find that gravitationally bound clusters form with masses comparable to dwarf planets and containing a distribution of boulder sizes. Gravitational collapse happens much faster than radial drift, offering a possible path to planetesimal formation in accreting circumstellar discs.
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            A relativistic jetted outburst from a massive black hole fed by a tidally disrupted star

            Nathaniel R. Butler, Fabio De Colle, Enrico Ramirez-Ruiz … (2011)
            While gas accretion onto some massive black holes (MBHs) at the centers of galaxies actively powers luminous emission, the vast majority of MBHs are considered dormant. Occasionally, a star passing too near a MBH is torn apart by gravitational forces, leading to a bright panchromatic tidal disruption flare (TDF). While the high-energy transient Swift J164449.3+573451 ("Sw 1644+57") initially displayed none of the theoretically anticipated (nor previously observed) TDF characteristics, we show that the observations (Levan et al. 2011) suggest a sudden accretion event onto a central MBH of mass ~10^6-10^7 solar masses. We find evidence for a mildly relativistic outflow, jet collimation, and a spectrum characterized by synchrotron and inverse Compton processes; this leads to a natural analogy of Sw 1644+57 with a smaller-scale blazar. The phenomenologically novel Sw 1644+57 thus connects the study of TDFs and active galaxies, opening a new vista on disk-jet interactions in BHs and magnetic field generation and transport in accretion systems.
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              Copper homeostasis and neurodegenerative disorders (Alzheimer's, prion, and Parkinson's diseases and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis).

              Elena Gaggelli, Henryk Kozlowski, Daniela Valensin … (2006)
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Am Chem Soc
                Journal ID (publisher-id): ja
                Journal ID (coden): jacsat
                Title: Journal of the American Chemical Society
                Publisher: American Chemical Society
                ISSN (Print): 0002-7863
                ISSN (Electronic): 1520-5126
                Publication date (Electronic): 09 May 2008
                Publication date (Print): 04 June 2008
                Volume: 130
                Issue: 22
                Pages: 6898-6899
                Affiliations
                [1]Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-8013, and Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125-7400
                Author notes
                [†]

                National Institutes of Health.

                [‡]

                California Institute of Technology.

                Article
                DOI: 10.1021/ja711415b
                PMC ID: 2664836
                PubMed ID: 18465859
                SO-VID: 12609da6-ec39-45bf-93b7-f08d09e107ac
                Copyright © Copyright © 2008 American Chemical Society
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the ACS AuthorChoice Terms & Conditions. Any use of this article, must conform to the terms of that license which are available at http://pubs.acs.org.

                40.75

                History
                Date: 04 June 2008
                Date: 09 May 2008
                Date received : 26 December 2007
                Funding
                National Institutes of Health, United States
                Categories
                Subject: Communication
                Custom metadata
                document-id-old-9 ja711415b
                document-id-new-14 ja-2007-11415b

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Chemistry
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Chemistry

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