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      The Many Facets of Sphingolipids in the Specific Phases of Acute Inflammatory Response

      review-article
      Author(s): 1 , 2 , 3 ,
      Publication date (Electronic):
      Journal: Mediators of Inflammation
      Publisher: Hindawi

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          Abstract

          This review provides an overview on components of the sphingolipid superfamily, on their localization and metabolism. Information about the sphingolipid biological activity in cell physiopathology is given. Recent studies highlight the role of sphingolipids in inflammatory process. We summarize the emerging data that support the different roles of the sphingolipid members in specific phases of inflammation: (1) migration of immune cells, (2) recognition of exogenous agents, and (3) activation/differentiation of immune cells.

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          Intracellular pattern recognition receptors in the host response.

          Etienne Meylan, Jurg Tschopp, Michael Karin (2006)
          The innate immune system relies on its capacity to rapidly detect invading pathogenic microbes as foreign and eliminate them. Indeed, Toll-like receptors are a class of membrane receptors that sense extracellular microbes and trigger anti-pathogen signalling cascades. Recently, intracellular microbial sensors have also been identified, including NOD-like receptors and the helicase-domain-containing antiviral proteins RIG-I and MDA5. Some of these cytoplasmic molecules sense microbial, as well as non-microbial, danger signals, but the mechanisms of recognition used by these sensors remain poorly understood. Nonetheless, it is apparent that these proteins are likely to have critical roles in health and disease.
          Article 0 comments Cited 249 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Requirement for ceramide-initiated SAPK/JNK signalling in stress-induced apoptosis.

            M Verheij, R. Bose, X Lin … (1996)
            The induction of programmed cell death, or apoptosis, involves activation of a signalling system, many elements of which remain unknown. The sphingomyelin pathway, initiated by hydrolysis of the phospholipid sphingomyelin in the cell membrane to generate the second messenger ceramide, is thought to mediate apoptosis in response to tumour-necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, to Fas ligand and to X-rays. It is not known whether it plays a role in the stimulation of other forms of stress-induced apoptosis. Given that environmental stresses also stimulate a stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK/JNK), the sphingomyelin and SAPK/JNK signalling systems may be coordinated in induction of apoptosis. Here we report that ceramide initiates apoptosis through the SAPK cascade and provide evidence for a signalling mechanism that integrates cytokine- and stress-activated apoptosis.
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              The Ceramide-centric universe of lipid-mediated cell regulation: stress encounters of the lipid kind.

              Yusuf Hannun, Lina M. Obeid (2002)
              Article 0 comments Cited 153 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Elisabetta Albi:
                ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5745-5343
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Mediators Inflamm
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Mediators Inflamm
                Journal ID (publisher-id): MI
                Title: Mediators of Inflammation
                Publisher: Hindawi
                ISSN (Print): 0962-9351
                ISSN (Electronic): 1466-1861
                Publication date Collection: 2018
                Publication date (Electronic): 6 February 2018
                Volume: 2018
                Electronic Location Identifier: 5378284
                Affiliations
                1University Hospital Frankfurt, Instiute of Clinical Pharmacology, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
                2Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
                3Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
                Author notes

                Academic Editor: Vinod K. Mishra

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7262-6307
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5745-5343
                Article
                DOI: 10.1155/2018/5378284
                PMC ID: 5818902
                PubMed ID: 29540995
                SO-VID: 15aa4714-b1f5-4417-b235-3d5bedc8f60a
                Copyright © Copyright © 2018 Sabine Grösch et al.
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 1 October 2017
                Date accepted : 20 December 2017
                Funding
                Funded by: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
                Award ID: GR2011/3-2
                Award ID: B05
                Award ID: SFB 1039/1
                Categories
                Subject: Review Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Immunology
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Immunology

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