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      Human Pluripotent Stem Cells: Applications and Challenges in Neurological Diseases

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          Abstract

          The ability to generate human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) holds great promise for the understanding and the treatment of human neurological diseases in modern medicine. The hPSCs are considered for their in vitro use as research tools to provide relevant cellular model for human diseases, drug discovery, and toxicity assays and for their in vivo use in regenerative medicine applications. In this review, we highlight recent progress, promises, and challenges of hPSC applications in human neurological disease modeling and therapies.

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          Establishment in culture of pluripotential cells from mouse embryos.

          Sydney M. Evans, H Kaufman (1981)
          Article 0 comments Cited 674 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Human induced pluripotent stem cells free of vector and transgene sequences.

            Junying Yu, Kejin Hu, Kim Smuga-Otto … (2009)
            Reprogramming differentiated human cells to induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells has applications in basic biology, drug development, and transplantation. Human iPS cell derivation previously required vectors that integrate into the genome, which can create mutations and limit the utility of the cells in both research and clinical applications. We describe the derivation of human iPS cells with the use of nonintegrating episomal vectors. After removal of the episome, iPS cells completely free of vector and transgene sequences are derived that are similar to human embryonic stem (ES) cells in proliferative and developmental potential. These results demonstrate that reprogramming human somatic cells does not require genomic integration or the continued presence of exogenous reprogramming factors and removes one obstacle to the clinical application of human iPS cells.
            Article 0 comments Cited 639 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Differentiation of embryonic stem cells to clinically relevant populations: lessons from embryonic development.

              Charles E. Murry, Gordon Keller (2008)
              The potential to generate virtually any differentiated cell type from embryonic stem cells (ESCs) offers the possibility to establish new models of mammalian development and to create new sources of cells for regenerative medicine. To realize this potential, it is essential to be able to control ESC differentiation and to direct the development of these cells along specific pathways. Embryology has offered important insights into key pathways regulating ESC differentiation, resulting in advances in modeling gastrulation in culture and in the efficient induction of endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm and many of their downstream derivatives. This has led to the identification of new multipotential progenitors for the hematopoietic, neural, and cardiovascular lineages and to the development of protocols for the efficient generation of a broad spectrum of cell types including hematopoietic cells, cardiomyocytes, oligodendrocytes, dopamine neurons, and immature pancreatic beta cells. The next challenge will be to demonstrate the functional utility of these cells, both in vitro and in preclinical models of human disease.
              Article 0 comments Cited 441 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Front Physiol
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Front Physiol
                Journal ID (publisher-id): Front. Physio.
                Title: Frontiers in Physiology
                Publisher: Frontiers Research Foundation
                ISSN (Electronic): 1664-042X
                Publication date (Electronic): 20 July 2012
                Publication date Collection: 2012
                Volume: 3
                Electronic Location Identifier: 267
                Affiliations
                [1] 1simpleStem Cell Research Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Geneva University Hospitals Geneva, Switzerland
                [2] 2simpleService De Gynécologie Obstétrique, HFR Fribourg – Hôpital Cantonal Fribourg, Switzerland
                Author notes

                Edited by: Gianpaolo Papaccio, Second University of Naples, Italy

                Reviewed by: Pier Paolo Claudio, Marshall University, USA; Vincenzo Desiderio, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Italy

                *Correspondence: Youssef Hibaoui, Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Geneva University Hospitals, 30, Bld de la Cluse, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. e-mail: youssef.hibaoui@ 123456unige.ch ; Anis Feki, Service De Gynécologie Obstétrique, HFR Fribourg – Hôpital Cantonal, Chemin des Pensionnats 2-6, Case postale, 1708 Fribourg, Switzerland. e-mail: fekia@ 123456h-fr.ch

                This article was submitted to Frontiers in Craniofacial Biology, a specialty of Frontiers in Physiology.

                Article
                DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2012.00267
                PMC ID: 3429043
                PubMed ID: 22934023
                SO-VID: 169344bd-cc0f-4279-af69-02c790207731
                Copyright © Copyright © 2012 Hibaoui and Feki.
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in other forums, provided the original authors and source are credited and subject to any copyright notices concerning any third-party graphics etc.

                History
                Date received : 10 April 2012
                Date accepted : 25 June 2012
                Page count
                Figures: 2, Tables: 1, Equations: 0, References: 221, Pages: 22, Words: 22096
                Categories
                Subject: Physiology
                Subject: Review Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Anatomy & Physiology
                Keywords: drug screening,neurodevelopmental diseases,regenerative medicine,disease modeling,pluripotent stem cells,neurological diseases,neurodegenerative diseases
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Anatomy & Physiology
                Keywords: drug screening, neurodevelopmental diseases, regenerative medicine, disease modeling, pluripotent stem cells, neurological diseases, neurodegenerative diseases

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