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      Da busca pelo diagnóstico às incertezas do tratamento: desafios do cuidado para as doenças genéticas raras no Brasil Translated title: From the search for diagnosis to treatment uncertainties: challenges of care for rare genetic diseases in Brazil

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          Abstract

          Resumo As doenças genéticas raras constituem um importante problema de saúde pública, mas ainda são pouco estudadas na perspectiva da Saúde Coletiva. Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar os itinerários terapêuticos de pacientes com doenças genéticas raras nas cidades do Rio de Janeiro, Salvador e Porto Alegre, tendo por foco os desafios materiais, emocionais e estruturais enfrentados na busca por diagnóstico e tratamento. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com pacientes/cuidadores e profissionais de saúde em serviços públicos de genética médica. Observou-se que a experiência da doença genética rara, além de ser um desafio em si pelo caráter debilitante e incapacitante, é agravada por problemas de ordem prático-relacionais e burocrático-institucionais que não se resolvem com a chegada a um serviço especializado. A existência de longos itinerários terapêuticos até o diagnóstico, o desconhecimento dos médicos não geneticistas sobre as doenças raras, as dificuldades de transporte e de acesso a especialistas, a exames diagnósticos e complementares e o acesso a medicamentos e insumos alimentares de alto custo foram comuns às narrativas nas três cidades. A adesão aos cuidados oferecidos exigem estratégias de ação que dependem de arranjos envolvendo familiares, médicos, associações de pacientes e o Estado.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Rare genetic diseases are an important public health problem, but they are still little studied in Collective Health. This article aims to analyze the ‘therapeutic itineraries’ of patients in search of a diagnosis and treatment for rare genetic diseases in the cities of Rio de Janeiro, Salvador and Porto Alegre. It focuses on the material challenges, emotional and structural problems faced in these trajectories. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with patients/caregivers and health professionals in the context of public health medical genetics. Our findings suggest that the experience of the rare genetic disease is aggravated by practical, inter-relational and bureaucratic/institutional problems. The reality of long and circuitous journeys to obtain a diagnosis, non-geneticists’ lack of knowledge about rare diseases, difficulties in transportation and access to specialists, diagnostic and complementary examinations, and access to high-cost medicines and food supplies were common challenges in all the narratives examined in the three Brazilian cities. In addition, adherence to care provided by medical genetics requires action and strategies that depend on arrangements involving family members, physicians, patient associations, and the state.

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          Most cited references17

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          The judicialization of biopolitics: Claiming the right to pharmaceuticals in Brazilian courts

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            Genetic services and testing in Brazil

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              Anthropology of Aging and Care

              Elana Buch (2015)
              In concert with lengthening life spans, emerging forms of care in later life reflect complex and diverse social changes. Embracing a polysemic understanding of care as simultaneously resource and relational practice, this review works across scales of social life and theoretical approaches to care to highlight connections and fissures between global political-economic transformations and the most intimate aspects of daily life. Arguing for analyses of care that account for the kinds of projects, stakes, and obstacles that emerge as people engage in social reproduction in later life, this review traces the circulation of care across aging bodies, everyday practices, families, and nations. Care in later life never exclusively impacts the lives of the old; it is thus a critical site for understanding the diverse ways that increased longevity is shaping the meanings, experiences, and consequences of life itself.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                csc
                Ciência & Saúde Coletiva
                Ciênc. saúde coletiva
                ABRASCO - Associação Brasileira de Saúde Coletiva (Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil )
                1413-8123
                1678-4561
                October 2019
                : 24
                : 10
                : 3637-3650
                Affiliations
                [2] Rio de Janeiro RJ orgnameFiocruz orgdiv1Casa de Oswaldo Cruz Brazil
                [6] London orgnameUniversity College of London orgdiv1Anthropology Department United Kingdom
                [3] Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul orgnameUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
                [5] Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro orgnameUniversidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro orgdiv1Instituto de Ciências Sociais Brazil
                [4] Salvador Bahia orgnameUniversidade Federal da Bahia orgdiv1Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Sociais Brazil
                [1] Salvador Bahia orgnameUniversidade Federal da Bahia orgdiv1Instituto de Saúde Coletiva Brazil iriart@ 123456ufba.br
                Article
                S1413-81232019001003637
                10.1590/1413-812320182410.01612019
                31576994
                1706bf0d-359e-446d-9091-2eeade061ca2

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 05 December 2018
                : 11 February 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 26, Pages: 14
                Product

                SciELO Public Health

                Categories
                Artigo

                Therapeutic itineraries,Genética,Itinerários terapêuticos,Rare disease,Genetics,Doença rara

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