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      Fucoidan: Structure and Bioactivity

      review-article
      Author(s): * , , ,
      Publication date (Electronic):
      Journal: Molecules
      Publisher: MDPI
      Keywords: Fucoidan, structure, bioactivity

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          Abstract

          Fucoidan refers to a type of polysaccharide which contains substantial percentages of l-fucose and sulfate ester groups, mainly derived from brown seaweed. For the past decade fucoidan has been extensively studied due to its numerous interesting biological activities. Recently the search for new drugs has raised interest in fucoidans. In the past few years, several fucoidans’ structures have been solved, and many aspects of their biological activity have been elucidated. This review summarizes the research progress on the structure and bioactivity of fucoidan and the relationships between structure and bioactivity.

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          Antioxidant activities of sulfated polysaccharides from brown and red seaweeds

          Micheline Rocha de Souza, Cybelle Marques, Celina Dore … (2006)
          The in vitro antioxidant activities of the following six sulfated polysaccharides were investigated: iota, kappa and lambda carrageenans, which are widely used in the food industry, fucoidan (homofucan) from the edible seaweed Fucus vesiculosus and fucans (heterofucans) F0.5 and F1.1 from the seaweed Padina gymnospora. With respect to the inhibition of superoxide radical formation, fucoidan had an IC50 (the half maximal inhibitory concentration) of 0.058 mg·mL−1, while the IC50 for the kappa, iota and lambda carrageenans were 0.112, 0.332 and 0.046 mg·mL−1, respectively. All of the samples had an inhibitory effect on the formation of hydroxyl radicals. The results of peroxidation tests showed that fucoidan had an IC50 of 1.250 mg·mL−1 and that the kappa, iota and lambda carrageenans had an IC50 of 2.753 and 2.338 and 0.323 mg·mL−1, respectively. Fucan fractions showed low antioxidant activity relative to fucoidan. These results clearly indicate the beneficial effect of algal polysaccharides as antioxidants.
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            Further data on the structure of brown seaweed fucans: relationships with anticoagulant activity.

            Lionel Chevolot, Alain Foucault, Frédéric Chaubet … (1999)
            The composition, molecular weight (MW), anticoagulant activity and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of various low-molecular-weight fucans (LMWFs) obtained by partial hydrolysis or radical depolymerization of a crude fucoidan extracted from the brown seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum are compared. Fucose units were found mainly sulfated at O-2, to a lesser extent at O-3, and only slightly at O-4, contrary to previously published results for fucoidans from other brown seaweeds, and fucose 2, 3-O-disulfate residues were observed for the first time. As the sulfation pattern excluded an alpha-(1-->2)-linked fucose backbone and a high proportion of alpha-(1-->4) linkages was found, it would appear that the concept of fucoidan structure needs to be revised. Anticoagulant activity is apparently related not only to MW and sulfation content, as previously determined, but also (and more precisely) to 2-O-sulfation and 2,3-O-disulfation levels.
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              Defensive effects of a fucoidan from brown alga Undaria pinnatifida against herpes simplex virus infection.

              Minoru Hashimoto, Kenji Kanekiyo, Takahisa Nakano … (2007)
              Fucoidan, a sulfated polysaccharide isolated from an edible brown alga Undaria pinnatifida, was previously shown to be a potent inhibitor of the in vitro replication of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). HSV-1 is a member of herpes viruses that cause infections ranging from trivial mucosal ulcers to life-threatening disorders in immunocompromised hosts. In the in vivo conditions, the replication of HSV-1 is controlled under the immunoresponse coordinated by both the innate and adaptive immune systems. In the present study, the effects of the fucoidan were examined on in vivo viral replication and the host's immune defense system. Oral administration of the fucoidan protected mice from infection with HSV-1 as judged from the survival rate and lesion scores. Phagocytic activity of macrophages and B cell blastogenesis in vitro were significantly stimulated by the fucoidan, while no significant change in the release of NO(2)(-) by macrophages was observed. In in vivo studies, oral administration of the fucoidan produced the augmentation of NK activity in HSV-1-infected mice immunosuppressed by 5-fluorouracil treatment. CTL activity in HSV-1-infected mice was also enhanced by oral administration of the fucoidan. The production of neutralizing antibodies in the mice inoculated with HSV-1 was significantly promoted during the oral administration of the fucoidan for 3 weeks. These results suggested that oral intake of the fucoidan might take the protective effects through direct inhibition of viral replication and stimulation of both innate and adaptive immune defense functions.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Molecules
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Molecules
                Journal ID (publisher-id): molecules
                Title: Molecules
                Publisher: MDPI
                ISSN (Electronic): 1420-3049
                Publication date (Electronic): 12 August 2008
                Publication date Collection: August 2008
                Volume: 13
                Issue: 8
                Pages: 1671-1695
                Affiliations
                School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, P.R. China; E-mails: libohnxx@ 123456163.com (Fei Lu), wxj@ 123456hist.edu.cn (Xinjun Wei), zrx338@ 123456163.com (Ruixiang Zhao)
                Author notes
                [* ] Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: libowuxi@ 123456yahoo.com.cn
                Article
                Publisher ID: molecules-13-01671
                DOI: 10.3390/molecules13081671
                PMC ID: 6245444
                PubMed ID: 18794778
                SO-VID: 1791d895-6835-4d2b-9d0d-f6d8eae22c80
                Copyright © © 2008 by the authors.
                License:

                Licensee Molecular Diversity Preservation International, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).

                History
                Date received : 27 May 2008
                Date revision received : 23 June 2008
                Date accepted : 30 July 2008
                Categories
                Subject: Review

                Keywords: fucoidan,structure,bioactivity
                Data availability:
                Keywords: fucoidan, structure, bioactivity

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