Time‐Restricted Eating Effects on Body Composition and Metabolic Measures in Humans who are Overweight: A Feasibility Study

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Abstract

In contrast to intentionally restricting energy intake, restricting the eating window may be an option for treating obesity. By comparing time-restricted eating (TRE) to an unrestricted (non-TRE) control, we hypothesized that TRE facilitates weight loss, alters body composition, and improves metabolic measures. Participants [17F/3M, mean(SD) 45.5 years(12.1), BMI 34.1 kg/m 2 (7.5)] with a prolonged eating window [15.4 hours(0.9)] were randomized to TRE (n=11: 8 hour window, unrestricted eating within window) vs non-TRE (n=9: unrestricted eating), for 12 weeks. Weight, body composition (Dual X-ray Absorptiometry), lipids, blood pressure, 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test, 2-week continuous glucose monitoring, and 2-week physical activity (actigraphy-assessed) were measured pre- and end-intervention. The TRE group significantly reduced their eating window [end-intervention window: 9.9 hours(2.0)] compared to the non-TRE group [end-intervention window: 15.1 hours(1.1)](p<0.01). Compared to non-TRE, TRE decreased the number of eating occasions (EO), weight, lean mass and visceral fat (all p≤0.05). Compared to pre-intervention, the TRE group reduced the number of EO [−21.9%(30.1)], weight [−3.7%(1.8)], fat mass [−4%(2.9)], lean mass [−3.0%(2.7)] and visceral fat [11.1%(13.4)] (all p≤0.05). Physical activity and metabolic measures remained unchanged. In the setting of a randomized trial, TRE presents a simplified view of food intake which reduces weight.

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Homeostasis model assessment closely mirrors the glucose clamp technique in the assessment of insulin sensitivity: studies in subjects with various degrees of glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity

F Saggiani, T Monauni, M. Zenere … (2000)

To evaluate whether the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) is a reliable surrogate measure of in vivo insulin sensitivity in humans.

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Ten-Hour Time-Restricted Eating Reduces Weight, Blood Pressure, and Atherogenic Lipids in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome

Michael J. Wilkinson, Emily N.C. Manoogian, Adena Zadourian … (2019)

In animal models, time-restricted feeding (TRF) can prevent and reverse aspects of metabolic diseases. Time-restricted eating (TRE) in human pilot studies reduces the risks of metabolic diseases in otherwise healthy individuals. However, patients with diagnosed metabolic syndrome often undergo pharmacotherapy, and it has never been tested whether TRE can act synergistically with pharmacotherapy in animal models or humans. In a single-arm, paired-sample trial, 19 participants with metabolic syndrome and a baseline mean daily eating window of ≥14 h, the majority of whom were on a statin and/or antihypertensive therapy, underwent 10 h of TRE (all dietary intake within a consistent self-selected 10 h window) for 12 weeks. We found this TRE intervention improves cardiometabolic health for patients with metabolic syndrome receiving standard medical care including high rates of statin and anti-hypertensive use. TRE is a potentially powerful lifestyle intervention that can be added to standard medical practice to treat metabolic syndrome. VIDEO ABSTRACT.

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Effects of 8-hour time restricted feeding on body weight and metabolic disease risk factors in obese adults: A pilot study

Kelsey Gabel, Kristin K. Hoddy, Nicole Haggerty … (2018)

BACKGROUND: Time restricted feeding decreases energy intake without calorie counting and may be a viable option for weight loss. However, the effect of this diet on body weight in obese subjects has never been examined. OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the effects of 8-h time restricted feeding on body weight and metabolic disease risk factors in obese adults. DESIGN: Obese subjects (n = 23) participated in an 8-h time restricted feeding intervention (ad libitum feeding between 10:00 to 18:00 h, water fasting between 18:00 to 10:00 h) for 12 weeks. Weight loss and other outcomes were compared to a matched historical control group (n = 23). RESULTS: Body weight and energy intake decreased in the time restricted group (–2.6% ± 0.5; –341 ± 53 kcal/d) relative to controls over 12 weeks (P < 0.05). Systolic blood pressure decreased in the time restricted feeding group (–7 ± 2 mm Hg) versus controls (P < 0.05). Fat mass, lean mass, visceral fat mass, diastolic blood pressure, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, and homocysteine were not significantly different from controls after 12 weeks (no group×time interaction). CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that 8-h time restricted feeding produces mild caloric restriction and weight loss, without calorie counting. It may also offer clinical benefits by reducing blood pressure.