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      Compliance with Mineral Metabolism Targets in Haemodialysis Patients: Moving Backwards?

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          Abstract

          Background: To standardize therapy and improve the clinical outcome for chronic haemodialysis (HD) patients, guidelines have been developed for mineral metabolism management. We evaluated compliance with different mineral metabolism guidelines. Methods: 2,951 chronic HD patients from 61 dialysis centres in Spain were studied. Mineral metabolism management data from a 1-year period were analysed according to KDOQI, KDIGO, and Spanish guidelines. Results: Only 1% (KDOQI), 6% (KDIGO) and 11% (Spanish guidelines) of patients continuously achieved total calcium (Ca), phosphate (P) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) target-range values during the year with higher percentages if we considered the 1-year average. The yearly Ca, P and iPTH average accomplished Spanish guidelines with different percentage among centres: CA 62-100%, P 59-91%, PTH 61-89%, and 28-77% considering all three targets together. The KDIGO guidelines recommend similar percentages except for P (33-77%). No differences were found related to eKt/V, online haemodiafiltration/HD, weight, body mass index, or dialysis vintage. They were only related to age, blood flow, effective treatment time, and dialysate calcium but without relevant clinical differences. Patients outside the target ranges generated significantly higher treatment costs. Conclusions: Compliance with mineral metabolism targets in HD patients was poor and showed a wide variation between treatment centres.

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          Most cited references17

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          Predictors and consequences of altered mineral metabolism: the Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study.

          Altered mineral metabolism contributes to bone disease, cardiovascular disease, and other clinical problems in patients with end-stage renal disease. This study describes the recent status, significant predictors, and potential consequences of abnormal mineral metabolism in representative groups of hemodialysis facilities (N= 307) and patients (N= 17,236) participating in the Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS) in the United States, Europe, and Japan from 1996 to 2001. Many patients fell out of the recommended guideline range for serum concentrations of phosphorus (8% of patients below lower target range, 52% of patients above upper target range), albumin-corrected calcium (9% below, 50% above), calcium-phosphorus product (44% above), and intact PTH (51% below, 27% above). All-cause mortality was significantly and independently associated with serum concentrations of phosphorus (RR 1.04 per 1 mg/dL, P= 0.0003), calcium (RR 1.10 per 1 mg/dL, P < 0.0001), calcium-phosphorus product (RR 1.02 per 5 mg(2)/dL(2), P= 0.0001), PTH (1.01 per 100 pg/dL, P= 0.04), and dialysate calcium (RR 1.13 per 1 mEq/L, P= 0.01). Cardiovascular mortality was significantly associated with the serum concentrations of phosphorus (RR 1.09, P < 0.0001), calcium (RR 1.14, P < 0.0001), calcium-phosphorus product (RR 1.05, P < 0.0001), and PTH (RR 1.02, P= 0.03). The adjusted rate of parathyroidectomy varied 4-fold across the DOPPS countries, and was significantly associated with baseline concentrations of phosphorus (RR 1.17, P < 0.0001), calcium (RR 1.58, P < 0.0001), calcium-phosphorus product (RR 1.11, P < 0.0001), PTH (RR 1.07, P < 0.0001), and dialysate calcium concentration (RR 0.57, P= 0.03). Overall, 52% of patients received some form of vitamin D therapy, with parenteral forms almost exclusively restricted to the United States. Vitamin D was potentially underused in up to 34% of patients with high PTH, and overused in up to 46% of patients with low PTH. Phosphorus binders (mostly calcium salts during the study period) were used by 81% of patients, with potential overuse in up to 77% patients with low serum phosphorus concentration, and potential underuse in up to 18% of patients with a high serum phosphorus concentration. This study expands our understanding of the relationship between altered mineral metabolism and outcomes and identifies several potential opportunities for improved practice in this area.
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            Serum iPTH, calcium and phosphate, and the risk of mortality in a European haemodialysis population

            Background. A number of US observational studies reported an increased mortality risk with higher intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), calcium and/or phosphate. The existence of such a link in a European haemodialysis population was explored as part of the Analysing Data, Recognising Excellence and Optimising Outcomes (ARO) Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Research Initiative. Methods. The association between the markers of mineral and bone disease and clinical outcomes was examined in 7970 patients treated in European Fresenius Medical Care facilities over a median of 21 months. Baseline and time-dependent (TD) Cox regression were performed using Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (KDOQI) target ranges as reference categories, adjusting for demographics, medical history, dialysis parameters, inflammation, medications and laboratory parameters. Fractional polynomial (FP) models were also used. Results. Hazard ratio (HR) estimates from baseline analysis for iPTH were U-shaped [>600 pg/mL, HR = 2.10, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.62–2.73; 2.75 mmol/L increased risk of death (HR = 1.70, 95% CI 1.19–2.42). TD analysis showed that both low (HR = 1.19, 95% CI 1.04–1.37) and high calcium (HR = 1.74, 95% CI 1.30–2.34) increased risk of death. Baseline analysis for phosphate showed a U-shaped pattern ( 1.78 mmol/L, HR = 1.32, 95% CI 1.13–1.55). TD analysis confirmed the results for phosphate <1.13 mmol/L. HR estimates were higher in patients with diabetes versus those without diabetes for baseline analysis only (P-value = 0.014). FP analysis confirmed the results of baseline and TD analyses. Conclusion . Patients with iPTH, calcium and phosphate levels within the KDOQI target ranges have the lowest risk of mortality compared with those outside the target ranges.
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              Cardiac calcification in adult hemodialysis patients

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                BPU
                Blood Purif
                10.1159/issn.0253-5068
                Blood Purification
                S. Karger AG
                0253-5068
                1421-9735
                2013
                November 2013
                05 November 2013
                : 36
                : 2
                : 122-131
                Affiliations
                aNephroCare Medical Management, Fresenius Medical Care, bNephrology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, and cNephrology Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañon, Madrid, dNephrology Department, Hospital General Universitario Reina Sofia, Cordoba, and eNephrology Department, Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
                Author notes
                *Ines Palomares Sancho, Departamento de Dirección Médica, Fresenius Medical Care España, Avenida Sur del Aeropuerto de Barajas no 34, 5a planta, ES-28042 Madrid (Spain), E-Mail Ines.Palomares@fmc-ag.com
                Article
                353418 Blood Purif 2013;36:122-131
                10.1159/000353418
                24217176
                1e0f90de-4a61-45d0-bc25-65daad4fe574
                © 2013 S. Karger AG, Basel

                Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug. Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.

                History
                : 08 May 2013
                : 09 May 2013
                Page count
                Figures: 2, Tables: 7, Pages: 10
                Categories
                Original Paper

                Cardiovascular Medicine,Nephrology
                Haemodialysis,Mineral metabolism,Compliance,Guidelines
                Cardiovascular Medicine, Nephrology
                Haemodialysis, Mineral metabolism, Compliance, Guidelines

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