The Role of Cartilage Stem/Progenitor Cells in Cartilage Repair in Osteoarthritis

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Abstract

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease characterized by the loss of cartilage, which seriously affects the quality of patient's life and may even cause permanent sequelae. The treatment of OA is diversified, mostly limited to relieving clinical symptoms. Less invasive treatments that can cure OA are still lacking. With the rise of tissue-cell engineering, stem cell therapy has gradually aroused great interest in treating OA. Cartilage stem/progenitor cells (CSPCs), a type of stem cell found on the surface of articular cartilage, have many similarities with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). These cells can be isolated and cultured from animals and humans and exist in articular cartilage over the body, such as the knee joint, patellofemoral joint, and temporomandibular joint. Due to their strong proliferative and chondrogenic differentiation abilities, CSPCs may contribute a lot to cartilage regeneration and repair in OA. We will provide an overview of the biological characteristics of CSPCs and their role in OA in combination with the research progress. Despite some existing limitations, CSPCs still offer an innovative idea for OA treatment with great advantages.

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Most cited references 109

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Minimal criteria for defining multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells. The International Society for Cellular Therapy position statement.

M Dominici, K Le Blanc, I. Mueller … (2006)

The considerable therapeutic potential of human multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) has generated markedly increasing interest in a wide variety of biomedical disciplines. However, investigators report studies of MSC using different methods of isolation and expansion, and different approaches to characterizing the cells. Thus it is increasingly difficult to compare and contrast study outcomes, which hinders progress in the field. To begin to address this issue, the Mesenchymal and Tissue Stem Cell Committee of the International Society for Cellular Therapy proposes minimal criteria to define human MSC. First, MSC must be plastic-adherent when maintained in standard culture conditions. Second, MSC must express CD105, CD73 and CD90, and lack expression of CD45, CD34, CD14 or CD11b, CD79alpha or CD19 and HLA-DR surface molecules. Third, MSC must differentiate to osteoblasts, adipocytes and chondroblasts in vitro. While these criteria will probably require modification as new knowledge unfolds, we believe this minimal set of standard criteria will foster a more uniform characterization of MSC and facilitate the exchange of data among investigators.

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WNT signaling in bone homeostasis and disease: from human mutations to treatments.

Roland Baron, Michaela Kneissel (2013)

Low bone mass and strength lead to fragility fractures, for example, in elderly individuals affected by osteoporosis or children with osteogenesis imperfecta. A decade ago, rare human mutations affecting bone negatively (osteoporosis-pseudoglioma syndrome) or positively (high-bone mass phenotype, sclerosteosis and Van Buchem disease) have been identified and found to all reside in components of the canonical WNT signaling machinery. Mouse genetics confirmed the importance of canonical Wnt signaling in the regulation of bone homeostasis, with activation of the pathway leading to increased, and inhibition leading to decreased, bone mass and strength. The importance of WNT signaling for bone has also been highlighted since then in the general population in numerous genome-wide association studies. The pathway is now the target for therapeutic intervention to restore bone strength in millions of patients at risk for fracture. This paper reviews our current understanding of the mechanisms by which WNT signalng regulates bone homeostasis.

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Human mesenchymal stem cells - current trends and future prospective

Imran Ullah, Raghavendra Baregundi Subbarao, Gyu Jin Rho (2015)

Stem cells are cells specialized cell, capable of renewing themselves through cell division and can differentiate into multi-lineage cells. These cells are categorized as embryonic stem cells (ESCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and adult stem cells. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells which can be isolated from human and animal sources. Human MSCs (hMSCs) are the non-haematopoietic, multipotent stem cells with the capacity to differentiate into mesodermal lineage such as osteocytes, adipocytes and chondrocytes as well ectodermal (neurocytes) and endodermal lineages (hepatocytes). MSCs express cell surface markers like cluster of differentiation (CD)29, CD44, CD73, CD90, CD105 and lack the expression of CD14, CD34, CD45 and HLA (human leucocyte antigen)-DR. hMSCs for the first time were reported in the bone marrow and till now they have been isolated from various tissues, including adipose tissue, amniotic fluid, endometrium, dental tissues, umbilical cord and Wharton's jelly which harbours potential MSCs. hMSCs have been cultured long-term in specific media without any severe abnormalities. Furthermore, MSCs have immunomodulatory features, secrete cytokines and immune-receptors which regulate the microenvironment in the host tissue. Multilineage potential, immunomodulation and secretion of anti-inflammatory molecules makes MSCs an effective tool in the treatment of chronic diseases. In the present review, we have highlighted recent research findings in the area of hMSCs sources, expression of cell surface markers, long-term in vitro culturing, in vitro differentiation potential, immunomodulatory features, its homing capacity, banking and cryopreservation, its application in the treatment of chronic diseases and its use in clinical trials.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Curr Stem Cell Res Ther

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Curr Stem Cell Res Ther

Journal ID (publisher-id): CSCRT

Title: Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy

Publisher: Bentham Science Publishers

ISSN (Print): 1574-888X

ISSN (Electronic): 2212-3946

Publication date (Electronic): 29 May 2023

Publication date (Print): 29 May 2023

Volume: 18

Issue: 7

Pages: 892-903

Affiliations

[1 ] deptState Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology , Sichuan University , Chengdu, , Sichuan Province , China;

[2 ] Department of Stomatology, Panzhihua Central Hospital, Panzhihua City , Sichuan Province, , China, ;

[3 ] deptState Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Medical Affairs, West China Hospital of Stomatology , Sichuan University , Chengdu, , China

Author notes

[* ]Address correspondence to this author at the State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Medical Affairs, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; E-mail: yangwenbin@ 123456scu.edu.cn

[# ] These authors contributed equally to this work.

Article

Publisher ID: CSCRT-18-892

DOI: 10.2174/1574888X17666221006113739

PMC ID: 10278241

PubMed ID: 36201278

SO-VID: 1ebf1ab1-19e0-4bf6-b80e-059530dca50b

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History

Date received : 13 July 2022

Date revision received : 28 August 2022

Date accepted : 09 September 2022

Funding

Funded by: China

Award ID: (2021CDPZH-7)(S202210610544) .

Award Recipient : This work was funded by the Sichuan University-Panzhihua City 2021 Campus Cooperation Special Fund Project (2021CDPZH-7) to WY, and the College Students’ Innovative Entrepreneurial Training Project (S202210610544) to NH.

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The Role of Cartilage Stem/Progenitor Cells in Cartilage Repair in Osteoarthritis

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Most cited references 109

Minimal criteria for defining multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells. The International Society for Cellular Therapy position statement.

WNT signaling in bone homeostasis and disease: from human mutations to treatments.

Human mesenchymal stem cells - current trends and future prospective

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