For Publishers
DiscoveryMetadataPeer reviewHostingPublishing
For Researchers
JoinPublishReviewCollect
Register
Blog
About
Search
Advanced search
My ScienceOpen
Search
For Publishers
For Researchers
Blog
About
11
views
47
references
 Top references
cited by
14
    
0 reviews
 Review
0
comments
 Comment
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      356
      similar
       All similar
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      First Report of a Fatal Case Associated with EV-D68 Infection in Hong Kong and Emergence of an Interclade Recombinant in China Revealed by Genome Analysis

      research-article

      Read this article at

      ScienceOpenPublisherPMC
      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          A fatal case associated with enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) infection affecting a 10-year-old boy was reported in Hong Kong in 2014. To examine if a new strain has emerged in Hong Kong, we sequenced the partial genome of the EV-D68 strain identified from the fatal case and the complete VP1, and partial 5′UTR and 2C sequences of nine additional EV-D68 strains isolated from patients in Hong Kong. Sequence analysis indicated that a cluster of strains including the previously recognized A2 strains should belong to a separate clade, clade D, which is further divided into subclades D1 and D2. Among the 10 EV-D68 strains, 7 (including the fatal case) belonged to the previously described, newly emerged subclade B3, 2 belonged to subclade B1, and 1 belonged to subclade D1. Three EV-D68 strains, each from subclades B1, B3, and D1, were selected for complete genome sequencing and recombination analysis. While no evidence of recombination was noted among local strains, interclade recombination was identified in subclade D2 strains detected in mainland China in 2008 with VP2 acquired from clade A. This study supports the reclassification of subclade A2 into clade D1, and demonstrates interclade recombination between clades A and D2 in EV-D68 strains from China.

          Related collections

          Most cited references47

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Full-length human immunodeficiency virus type 1 genomes from subtype C-infected seroconverters in India, with evidence of intersubtype recombination.

          K Lole, R Bollinger, R S Paranjape … (1999)
          The development of an effective human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) vaccine is likely to depend on knowledge of circulating variants of genes other than the commonly sequenced gag and env genes. In addition, full-genome data are particularly limited for HIV-1 subtype C, currently the most commonly transmitted subtype in India and worldwide. Likewise, little is known about sequence variation of HIV-1 in India, the country facing the largest burden of HIV worldwide. Therefore, the objective of this study was to clone and characterize the complete genome of HIV-1 from seroconverters infected with subtype C variants in India. Cocultured HIV-1 isolates were obtained from six seroincident individuals from Pune, India, and virtually full-length HIV-1 genomes were amplified, cloned, and sequenced from each. Sequence analysis revealed that five of the six genomes were of subtype C, while one was a mosaic of subtypes A and C, with multiple breakpoints in env, nef, and the 3' long terminal repeat as determined by both maximal chi2 analysis and phylogenetic bootstrapping. Sequences were compared for preservation of known cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes. Compared with those of the HIV-1LAI sequence, 38% of well-defined CTL epitopes were identical. The proportion of nonconservative substitutions for Env, at 61%, was higher (P < 0.001) than those for Gag (24%), Pol (18%), and Nef (32%). Therefore, characterized CTL epitopes demonstrated substantial differences from subtype B laboratory strains, which were most pronounced in Env. Because these clones were obtained from Indian seroconverters, they are likely to facilitate vaccine-related efforts in India by providing potential antigens for vaccine candidates as well as for assays of vaccine responsiveness.
          Article 0 comments Cited 700 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Clinical features, diagnosis, and management of enterovirus 71.

            Mong How Ooi, See Chang Wong, Penny Lewthwaite … (2010)
            Although poliomyelitis has been mostly eradicated worldwide, large outbreaks of the related enterovirus 71 have been seen in Asia-Pacific countries in the past 10 years. This virus mostly affects children, manifesting as hand, foot, and mouth disease, aseptic meningitis, poliomyelitis-like acute flaccid paralysis, brainstem encephalitis, and other severe systemic disorders, including especially pulmonary oedema and cardiorespiratory collapse. Clinical predictors of severe disease include high temperature and lethargy, and lumbar puncture might reveal pleocytosis. Many diagnostic tests are available, but PCR of throat swabs and vesicle fluid, if available, is among the most efficient. Features of inflammation, particularly in the anterior horns of the spinal cord, the dorsal pons, and the medulla can be clearly seen on MRI. No established antiviral treatment is available. Intravenous immunoglobulin seems to be beneficial in severe disease, perhaps through non-specific anti-inflammatory mechanisms, but has not been tested in any formal trials. Milrinone might be helpful in patients with cardiac dysfunction. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
            Article 0 comments Cited 300 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Molecular evolution of the human enteroviruses: correlation of serotype with VP1 sequence and application to picornavirus classification.

              M. Oberste, K Maher, D Kilpatrick … (1999)
              Sixty-six human enterovirus serotypes have been identified by serum neutralization, but the molecular determinants of the serotypes are unknown. Since the picornavirus VP1 protein contains a number of neutralization domains, we hypothesized that the VP1 sequence should correspond with neutralization (serotype) and, hence, with phylogenetic lineage. To test this hypothesis and to analyze the phylogenetic relationships among the human enteroviruses, we determined the complete VP1 sequences of the prototype strains of 47 human enterovirus serotypes and 10 antigenic variants. Our sequences, together with those available from GenBank, comprise a database of complete VP1 sequences for all 66 human enterovirus serotypes plus additional strains of seven serotypes. Phylogenetic trees constructed from complete VP1 sequences produced the same four major clusters as published trees based on partial VP2 sequences; in contrast to the VP2 trees, however, in the VP1 trees strains of the same serotype were always monophyletic. In pairwise comparisons of complete VP1 sequences, enteroviruses of the same serotype were clearly distinguished from those of heterologous serotypes, and the limits of intraserotypic divergence appeared to be about 25% nucleotide sequence difference or 12% amino acid sequence difference. Pairwise comparisons suggested that coxsackie A11 and A15 viruses should be classified as strains of the same serotype, as should coxsackie A13 and A18 viruses. Pairwise identity scores also distinguished between enteroviruses of different clusters and enteroviruses from picornaviruses of different genera. The data suggest that VP1 sequence comparisons may be valuable in enterovirus typing and in picornavirus taxonomy by assisting in the genus assignment of unclassified picornaviruses.
              Article 0 comments Cited 194 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
                Bookmark
                All references

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Elisabetta Tanzi: Role: Academic Editor
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Int J Mol Sci
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Int J Mol Sci
                Journal ID (publisher-id): ijms
                Title: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
                Publisher: MDPI
                ISSN (Electronic): 1422-0067
                Publication date (Electronic): 16 May 2017
                Publication date Collection: May 2017
                Volume: 18
                Issue: 5
                Electronic Location Identifier: 1065
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; yipcyril@ 123456hku.hk (C.C.Y.Y.); sid8998@ 123456hku.hk (S.S.); chankh2@ 123456hku.hk (K.-H.C.); jfwchan@ 123456hku.hk (J.F.W.C.); vcccheng@ 123456hkucc.hku.hk (V.C.C.C.); pcywoo@ 123456hkucc.hku.hk (P.C.Y.W.)
                [2 ]Centre for Health Protection, Department of Health, Hong Kong, China; janicelo@ 123456dh.gov.hk
                [3 ]Department of Pathology, Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong, China; h9910303@ 123456yahoo.com.hk
                [4 ]Department of Pathology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong, China; kristineluk@ 123456yahoo.com.hk
                [5 ]State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
                [6 ]Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
                [7 ]Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
                [8 ]Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: kyyuen@ 123456hkucc.hku.hk (K.-Y.Y.); skplau@ 123456hkucc.hku.hk (S.K.P.L.); Tel.: +852-2255-4892 (K.-Y.Y. & S.K.P.L.); Fax: +852-2855-1241 (K.-Y.Y. & S.K.P.L.)
                Article
                Publisher ID: ijms-18-01065
                DOI: 10.3390/ijms18051065
                PMC ID: 5454976
                PubMed ID: 28509856
                SO-VID: 214cafab-1ed4-4a0f-b6d2-6d6f572b721f
                Copyright © © 2017 by the authors.
                License:

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                Date received : 19 April 2017
                Date accepted : 09 May 2017
                Categories
                Subject: Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Molecular biology
                Keywords: enterovirus d68,clade,recombination
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Molecular biology
                Keywords: enterovirus d68, clade, recombination

                Comments

                Comment on this article

                scite_

                Similar content356

                See all similar

                Cited by14

                See all cited by

                Most referenced authors857

                See all reference authors