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      Salviae miltiorrhiza against human lung cancer: A review of its mechanism (Review)

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          Abstract

          Lung cancer is one of the commonest malignant tumors in the world today, causing millions of mortalities every year. New methods to treat lung cancer are urgently needed. Salviae miltiorrhiza Bunge is a common Chinese medicine, often used for promoting blood circulation. In the past 20 years, Salviae miltiorrhiza has made significant progress in the treatment of lung cancer and is considered to be one of the most promising methods to fight against the disease. A great amount of research has shown that the mechanism of Salviae miltiorrhiza against human lung cancer mainly includes inhibiting the proliferation of lung cancer cells, promoting lung cancer cell apoptosis, inducing cell autophagy, regulating immunity and resisting angiogenesis. Research has shown that Salviae miltiorrhiza has certain effects on the resistance to chemotherapy drugs. The present review discussed the status and prospects of Salviae miltiorrhiza against human lung cancer.

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          Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries

          Hyuna Sung, Jacques Ferlay, Rebecca Siegel … (2021)
          This article provides an update on the global cancer burden using the GLOBOCAN 2020 estimates of cancer incidence and mortality produced by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Worldwide, an estimated 19.3 million new cancer cases (18.1 million excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) and almost 10.0 million cancer deaths (9.9 million excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) occurred in 2020. Female breast cancer has surpassed lung cancer as the most commonly diagnosed cancer, with an estimated 2.3 million new cases (11.7%), followed by lung (11.4%), colorectal (10.0 %), prostate (7.3%), and stomach (5.6%) cancers. Lung cancer remained the leading cause of cancer death, with an estimated 1.8 million deaths (18%), followed by colorectal (9.4%), liver (8.3%), stomach (7.7%), and female breast (6.9%) cancers. Overall incidence was from 2-fold to 3-fold higher in transitioned versus transitioning countries for both sexes, whereas mortality varied <2-fold for men and little for women. Death rates for female breast and cervical cancers, however, were considerably higher in transitioning versus transitioned countries (15.0 vs 12.8 per 100,000 and 12.4 vs 5.2 per 100,000, respectively). The global cancer burden is expected to be 28.4 million cases in 2040, a 47% rise from 2020, with a larger increase in transitioning (64% to 95%) versus transitioned (32% to 56%) countries due to demographic changes, although this may be further exacerbated by increasing risk factors associated with globalization and a growing economy. Efforts to build a sustainable infrastructure for the dissemination of cancer prevention measures and provision of cancer care in transitioning countries is critical for global cancer control.
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            Molecular mechanisms and clinical applications of angiogenesis.

            Peter Carmeliet, Rakesh Jain (2011)
            Blood vessels deliver oxygen and nutrients to every part of the body, but also nourish diseases such as cancer. Over the past decade, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of angiogenesis (blood vessel growth) has increased at an explosive rate and has led to the approval of anti-angiogenic drugs for cancer and eye diseases. So far, hundreds of thousands of patients have benefited from blockers of the angiogenic protein vascular endothelial growth factor, but limited efficacy and resistance remain outstanding problems. Recent preclinical and clinical studies have shown new molecular targets and principles, which may provide avenues for improving the therapeutic benefit from anti-angiogenic strategies.
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              The biology of VEGF and its receptors.

              Napoleone Ferrara, Hans-Peter Gerber, Jennifer LeCouter (2003)
              Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a key regulator of physiological angiogenesis during embryogenesis, skeletal growth and reproductive functions. VEGF has also been implicated in pathological angiogenesis associated with tumors, intraocular neovascular disorders and other conditions. The biological effects of VEGF are mediated by two receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2, which differ considerably in signaling properties. Non-signaling co-receptors also modulate VEGF RTK signaling. Currently, several VEGF inhibitors are undergoing clinical testing in several malignancies. VEGF inhibition is also being tested as a strategy for the prevention of angiogenesis, vascular leakage and visual loss in age-related macular degeneration.
              Article 0 comments Cited 649 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Exp Ther Med
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Exp Ther Med
                Journal ID (publisher-id): ETM
                Title: Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
                Publisher: D.A. Spandidos
                ISSN (Print): 1792-0981
                ISSN (Electronic): 1792-1015
                Publication date Collection: March 2023
                Publication date (Electronic): 13 February 2023
                Publication date PMC-release: 13 February 2023
                Volume: 25
                Issue: 3
                Electronic Location Identifier: 139
                Affiliations
                [1 ]School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
                [2 ]Key Laboratory of Blood-Stasis-Toxin Syndrome of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
                [3 ]Traditional Chinese Medicine ‘Preventing Disease’ Wisdom Health Project Research Center of Zhejiang, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
                Author notes
                Correspondence to: Professor Guangji Zhang, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 526 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China 274449843qq.com zgjtcm@ 123456zcmu.edu.cn

                *Contributed equally

                Abbreviations: 3-MA, 3-methyladenine; CCL2, C-C motif chemokine ligand 2; CDK1, cyclin-dependent kinase; CHOP, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein; CT, cryptotanshinone; CTN, methanol extract of Salviae miltiorrhiza; DDP, cisplatin; DR5, TRAIL receptor 2; DT, diterpene tanshinone; EMT, epithelial-mesenchymal transition; FHIT, fragile histidine triad; FMG, compatibility of Salviae miltiorrhiza and ginseng; ICTS, dihydrotanshinone; LLC, Lewis lung cancer; MDC, monosaccharide-based cardavelin; MDR1, multidrug resistance-associated protein 1; miR, microRNA; MMP, mitochondrial membrane potential; NAMPT, nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transfer Enzyme; NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer; ROS; reactive oxygen species; S-3-1, a 2-allyl-3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde; Sal A, salvianolic acid A; Sal B, salvianolic acid B; STS, sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate; T I, tanshinone I; T IIA, tanshinone IIA; TAM, Tumor-associated macrophages; TDT, tanshinones

                Article
                Publisher ID: ETM-25-3-11838
                DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.11838
                PMC ID: 9947574
                SO-VID: 21a728e3-65a1-40e9-8976-bb134d29f8a2
                Copyright © Copyright: © An et al.
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

                History
                Date received : 23 August 2022
                Date accepted : 10 January 2023
                Funding
                Funding: The present study was supported by the research and development plan of Zhejiang Province-research on innovative drugs of traditional Chinese medicine (grant no. 2019C03072) and Key research project of Zhejiang Provincial Science and Technology Plan of Traditional Chinese Medicine Study (grant no. 2019ZZ006).
                Categories
                Subject: Review

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Medicine
                Keywords: salviae miltiorrhiza,lung cancer,molecular mechanisms,review,traditional chinese medicine
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Medicine
                Keywords: salviae miltiorrhiza, lung cancer, molecular mechanisms, review, traditional chinese medicine

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