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      Unstructured Direct Ink Write 3D Printing of Functional Structures with Ambient Temperature Curing Dual‐Network Thermoset Ink

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          Abstract

          Fabrication of structures in unstructured environments is a promising field to expand the application spaces of additive manufacturing (AM). One potential application is to add new components directly onto existing structures. Herein, a versatile, reconfigurable direct ink writing (DIW) manufacturing method is developed in tandem with a two‐stage hybrid ink designed to fabricate high‐strength, self‐supporting parts in unconventional printing spaces such as underneath a build surface or horizontally. This two‐stage hybrid DIW ink combines a photopolymer and a tough epoxy resin. The photopolymer can cure rapidly to enable layer‐by‐layer printing of complex structures. It also possesses adequate adhesion to allow the fabrication of large volume structures on a diversity of substrates including acrylic, wood, glass, aluminum, and concrete. The epoxy component can cure after 72 h in ambient conditions with further increased adhesion strengths. The capabilities of the reconfigurable DIW extrusion nozzle method to print complex structures in inverted and horizontal environments are demonstrated. Finally, via addition of DIW‐deposited conductive paths, a functional 3D‐printed structure capable of in situ deformation monitoring is created. This work has the potential to be used for applications such as appending new parts to existing structures for increasing functionality, repair, and structure health monitoring.

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          Ror2 signaling regulates Golgi structure and transport through IFT20 for tumor invasiveness

          Signaling through the Ror2 receptor tyrosine kinase promotes invadopodia formation for tumor invasion. Here, we identify intraflagellar transport 20 (IFT20) as a new target of this signaling in tumors that lack primary cilia, and find that IFT20 mediates the ability of Ror2 signaling to induce the invasiveness of these tumors. We also find that IFT20 regulates the nucleation of Golgi-derived microtubules by affecting the GM130-AKAP450 complex, which promotes Golgi ribbon formation in achieving polarized secretion for cell migration and invasion. Furthermore, IFT20 promotes the efficiency of transport through the Golgi complex. These findings shed new insights into how Ror2 signaling promotes tumor invasiveness, and also advance the understanding of how Golgi structure and transport can be regulated.
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            Direct Ink Writing of 3D Functional Materials

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              Voxelated soft matter via multimaterial multinozzle 3D printing

              There is growing interest in voxelated matter that is designed and fabricated voxel by voxel1-4. Currently, inkjet-based three-dimensional (3D) printing is the only widely adopted method that is capable of creating 3D voxelated materials with high precision1-4, but the physics of droplet formation requires the use of low-viscosity inks to ensure successful printing5. By contrast, direct ink writing, an extrusion-based 3D printing method, is capable of patterning a much broader range of materials6-13. However, it is difficult to generate multimaterial voxelated matter by extruding monolithic cylindrical filaments in a layer-by-layer manner. Here we report the design and fabrication of voxelated soft matter using multimaterial multinozzle 3D (MM3D) printing, in which the composition, function and structure of the materials are programmed at the voxel scale. Our MM3D printheads exploit the diode-like behaviour that arises when multiple viscoelastic materials converge at a junction to enable seamless, high-frequency switching between up to eight different materials to create voxels with a volume approaching that of the nozzle diameter cubed. As exemplars, we fabricate a Miura origami pattern14 and a millipede-like soft robot that locomotes by co-printing multiple epoxy and silicone elastomer inks of stiffness varying by several orders of magnitude. Our method substantially broadens the palette of voxelated materials that can be designed and manufactured in complex motifs.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Advanced Intelligent Systems
                Advanced Intelligent Systems
                Wiley
                2640-4567
                2640-4567
                January 2023
                October 13 2022
                January 2023
                : 5
                : 1
                Affiliations
                [1 ] The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
                [2 ] Renewable Bioproducts Institute Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
                [3 ] ICB UMR 6303 CNRS University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UTBM 90010 Belfort France
                [4 ] Singapore Centre for 3D Printing School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore 639798 Singapore
                Article
                10.1002/aisy.202200226
                254e7a0d-d20d-4cfb-ad04-4665d99064bc
                © 2023

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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