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          Abstract

          Background

          Phylogenomic analyses recently became popular to address questions about deep metazoan phylogeny. Ribosomal proteins (RP) dominate many of these analyses or are, in some cases, the only genes included. Despite initial hopes, phylogenomic analyses including tens to hundreds of genes still fail to robustly place many bilaterian taxa.

          Results

          Using the phylogenetic position of myzostomids as an example, we show that phylogenies derived from RP genes and mitochondrial genes produce incongruent results. Whereas the former support a position within a clade of platyzoan taxa, mitochondrial data recovers an annelid affinity, which is strongly supported by the gene order data and is congruent with morphology. Using hypothesis testing, our RP data significantly rejects the annelids affinity, whereas a platyzoan relationship is significantly rejected by the mitochondrial data.

          Conclusion

          We conclude (i) that reliance of a set of markers belonging to a single class of macromolecular complexes might bias the analysis, and (ii) that concatenation of all available data might introduce conflicting signal into phylogenetic analyses. We therefore strongly recommend testing for data incongruence in phylogenomic analyses. Furthermore, judging all available data, we consider the annelid affinity hypothesis more plausible than a possible platyzoan affinity for myzostomids, and suspect long branch attraction is influencing the RP data. However, this hypothesis needs further confirmation by future analyses.

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          Most cited references40

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          ProtTest: selection of best-fit models of protein evolution.

          Using an appropriate model of amino acid replacement is very important for the study of protein evolution and phylogenetic inference. We have built a tool for the selection of the best-fit model of evolution, among a set of candidate models, for a given protein sequence alignment. ProtTest is available under the GNU license from http://darwin.uvigo.es
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            DNASTAR's Lasergene sequence analysis software.

            Lasergene's eight modules provide tools that enable users to accomplish each step of sequence analysis, from trimming and assembly of sequence data, to gene discovery, annotation, gene product analysis, sequence similarity searches, sequence alignment, phylogenetic analysis, oligonucleotide primer design, cloning strategies, and publication of the results. The Lasergene software suite provides the functions and customization tools needed so that users can perform analyses the software writers never imagined.
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              Phyutility: a phyloinformatics tool for trees, alignments and molecular data.

              Phyutility provides a set of phyloinformatics tools for summarizing and manipulating phylogenetic trees, manipulating molecular data and retrieving data from NCBI. Its simple command-line interface allows for easy integration into scripted analyses, and is able to handle large datasets with an integrated database. Phyutility, including source code, documentation, examples, and executables, is available at http://code.google.com/p/phyutility.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                BMC Evol Biol
                BMC Evolutionary Biology
                BioMed Central
                1471-2148
                2009
                1 July 2009
                : 9
                : 150
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Unit of Evolutionary Biology/Systematic Zoology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, Haus 26, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
                [2 ]Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, An der Immenburg 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
                [3 ]Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, 101 Life Science Building, AL 36849, USA
                [4 ]Marine Biology Laboratory, Natural Sciences Building, University of Mons-Hainaut, Av. Champs de Mars 6, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
                [5 ]Unit of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, Haus 26, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
                Article
                1471-2148-9-150
                10.1186/1471-2148-9-150
                2716322
                19570199
                28121f3e-deb3-4e78-a1a7-4bc0df331b4f
                Copyright © 2009 Bleidorn et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 28 January 2009
                : 1 July 2009
                Categories
                Research Article

                Evolutionary Biology
                Evolutionary Biology

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