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      Micromachined force sensors for the study of cell mechanics

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      Review of Scientific Instruments
      AIP Publishing

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          A tension-based theory of morphogenesis and compact wiring in the central nervous system.

          Many structural features of the mammalian central nervous system can be explained by a morphogenetic mechanism that involves mechanical tension along axons, dendrites and glial processes. In the cerebral cortex, for example, tension along axons in the white matter can explain how and why the cortex folds in a characteristic species-specific pattern. In the cerebellum, tension along parallel fibres can explain why the cortex is highly elongated but folded like an accordion. By keeping the aggregate length of axonal and dendritic wiring low, tension should contribute to the compactness of neural circuitry throughout the adult brain.
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            Cell and molecular mechanics of biological materials.

            Living cells can sense mechanical forces and convert them into biological responses. Similarly, biological and biochemical signals are known to influence the abilities of cells to sense, generate and bear mechanical forces. Studies into the mechanics of single cells, subcellular components and biological molecules have rapidly evolved during the past decade with significant implications for biotechnology and human health. This progress has been facilitated by new capabilities for measuring forces and displacements with piconewton and nanometre resolutions, respectively, and by improvements in bio-imaging. Details of mechanical, chemical and biological interactions in cells remain elusive. However, the mechanical deformation of proteins and nucleic acids may provide key insights for understanding the changes in cellular structure, response and function under force, and offer new opportunities for the diagnosis and treatment of disease. This review discusses some basic features of the deformation of single cells and biomolecules, and examines opportunities for further research.
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              Silicone rubber substrata: a new wrinkle in the study of cell locomotion.

              When tissue cells are cultured on very thin sheets of cross-linked silicone fluid, the traction forces the cells exert are made visible as elastic distortion and wrinkling of this substratum. Around explants this pattern of wrinkling closely resembles the "center effects" long observed in plasma clots and traditionally attributed to dehydration shrinkage.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Review of Scientific Instruments
                Review of Scientific Instruments
                AIP Publishing
                0034-6748
                1089-7623
                April 2005
                April 2005
                : 76
                : 4
                : 044301
                Article
                10.1063/1.1863792
                2b3bca70-c280-471c-9d91-63d6839c72c2
                © 2005
                History

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