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Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the COVID-19 epidemic in Brazil
William Marciel de Souza ,
Lewis Fletcher Buss ,
Darlan da Silva Candido ,
Jean-Paul Carrera ,
Sabrina Li ,
Alexander E. Zarebski ,
Rafael Henrique Moraes Pereira ,
Carlos A. Prete ,
Andreza Aruska de Souza-Santos ,
Kris V. Parag ,
Maria Carolina T. D. Belotti ,
Maria F. Vincenti-Gonzalez ,
Janey Messina ,
Flavia Cristina da Silva Sales ,
Pamela dos Santos Andrade ,
Vítor Heloiz Nascimento ,
Fabio Ghilardi ,
Leandro Abade ,
Bernardo Gutierrez ,
Moritz U. G. Kraemer ,
Carlos K. V. Braga ,
Renato Santana Aguiar ,
Neal Alexander ,
Philippe Mayaud ,
Oliver J. Brady ,
Izabel Marcilio ,
Nelson Gouveia ,
Guangdi Li ,
Adriana Tami ,
Silvano Barbosa de Oliveira ,
Victor Bertollo Gomes Porto ,
Fabiana Ganem ,
Walquiria Aparecida Ferreira de Almeida ,
Francieli Fontana Sutile Tardetti Fantinato ,
Eduardo Marques Macário ,
Wanderson Kleber de Oliveira ,
Mauricio L. Nogueira ,
Oliver G. Pybus ,
Chieh-Hsi Wu ,
Julio Croda ,
Ester C. Sabino ,
Nuno Rodrigues Faria
July 31 2020
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Abstract
The first case of COVID-19 was detected in Brazil on 25 February 2020. We report and
contextualize epidemiological, demographic and clinical findings for COVID-19 cases
during the first 3 months of the epidemic. By 31 May 2020, 514,200 COVID-19 cases,
including 29,314 deaths, had been reported in 75.3% (4,196 of 5,570) of municipalities
across all five administrative regions of Brazil. The R0 value for Brazil was estimated
at 3.1 (95% Bayesian credible interval = 2.4-5.5), with a higher median but overlapping
credible intervals compared with some other seriously affected countries. A positive
association between higher per-capita income and COVID-19 diagnosis was identified.
Furthermore, the severe acute respiratory infection cases with unknown aetiology were
associated with lower per-capita income. Co-circulation of six respiratory viruses
was detected but at very low levels. These findings provide a comprehensive description
of the ongoing COVID-19 epidemic in Brazil and may help to guide subsequent measures
to control virus transmission.