This meta-analysis synthesized 102 effect sizes reflecting the relation between specific
moods and creativity. Effect sizes overall revealed that positive moods produce more
creativity than mood-neutral controls (r= .15), but no significant differences between
negative moods and mood-neutral controls (r= -.03) or between positive and negative
moods (r= .04) were observed. Creativity is enhanced most by positive mood states
that are activating and associated with an approach motivation and promotion focus
(e.g., happiness), rather than those that are deactivating and associated with an
avoidance motivation and prevention focus (e.g., relaxed). Negative, deactivating
moods with an approach motivation and a promotion focus (e.g., sadness) were not associated
with creativity, but negative, activating moods with an avoidance motivation and a
prevention focus (fear, anxiety) were associated with lower creativity, especially
when assessed as cognitive flexibility. With a few exceptions, these results generalized
across experimental and correlational designs, populations (students vs. general adult
population), and facet of creativity (e.g., fluency, flexibility, originality, eureka/insight).
The authors discuss theoretical implications and highlight avenues for future research
on specific moods, creativity, and their relationships.