Olfactory-Related Quality of Life in Multiple Chemical Sensitivity: A Genetic-Acquired Factors Model

There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

Abstract

Genetic polymorphisms as well as environmental exposures to chemical compounds, iatrogenic, psychological, and physical trauma may play a pathophysiological role in multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) olfactory complaints, given that xenobiotic metabolism is influenced by sequence variations in genes of metabolizing enzymes. Thus, the aim of the present study was to depict—by means of multiple regression analysis—how different genetic conditions, grouped according to their function as well as clinical background and environmental exposure may interfere with those olfactory complaints referred by MCS patients. Therefore, MCS patients after gene polymorphism sequencing, the olfactory-related quality of life score—calculated by means of the Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorder in forty-six MCS patients—have been found to significantly rely on the phase I and II enzymes score and exposure to previous compounds and surgical treatments. The present work—implementing for the first time a genetic-acquired factors model on a regression analysis—further reinforces those theories, positing MCS as a complex, multifactorial, disease in which the genetic risk related to phase I and II enzymes involved in xenobiotic detoxification, olfactory, and neurodegenerative diseases play a necessary, but probably not sufficient role, along the pathophysiological route of the disease.

Related collections

Most cited references 109

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium guidelines for cytochrome P450 2D6 genotype and codeine therapy: 2014 update.

K Crews, A Gaedigk, H. Dunnenberger … (2014)

Codeine is bioactivated to morphine, a strong opioid agonist, by the hepatic cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6); hence, the efficacy and safety of codeine are governed by CYP2D6 activity. Polymorphisms are a major cause of CYP2D6 variability. We summarize evidence from the literature supporting this association and provide therapeutic recommendations for codeine based on CYP2D6 genotype. This document is an update to the 2012 Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) guidelines for CYP2D6 genotype and codeine therapy.

0 comments Cited 192 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

New clues about vitamin D functions in the nervous system.

Emmanuel Garcion, Nelly Wion-Barbot, Claudia Montero-Menei … (2002)

Accumulating data have provided evidence that 1 alpha,25 dihydroxyvitamin D(3) [1,25-(OH)(2)D(3)] is involved in brain function. Thus, the nuclear receptor for 1,25-(OH)(2)D(3) has been localized in neurons and glial cells. Genes encoding the enzymes involved in the metabolism of this hormone are also expressed in brain cells. The reported biological effects of 1,25-(OH)(2)D(3) in the nervous system include the biosynthesis of neurotrophic factors and at least one enzyme involved in neurotransmitter synthesis. 1,25-(OH)(2)D(3) can also inhibit the synthesis of inducible nitric oxide synthase and increase glutathione levels, suggesting a role for the hormone in brain detoxification pathways. Neuroprotective and immunomodulatory effects of this hormone have been described in several experimental models, indicating the potential value of 1,25-(OH)(2)D(3) pharmacological analogs in neurodegenerative and neuroimmune diseases. In addition, 1,25-(OH)(2)D(3) induces glioma cell death, making the hormone of potential interest in the management of brain tumors. These results reveal previously unsuspected roles for 1,25-(OH)(2)D(3) in brain function and suggest possible areas of future research.

0 comments Cited 164 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

Sulfated steroids as natural ligands of mouse pheromone-sensing neurons.

Francesco Nodari, Fong-Fu Hsu, Xiaoyan Fu … (2008)

Among mice, pheromones and other social odor cues convey information about sex, social status, and identity; however, the molecular nature of these cues is essentially unknown. To identify these cues, we screened chromatographic fractions of female mouse urine for their ability to cause reproducible firing rate increases in the pheromone-detecting vomeronasal sensory neurons (VSNs) using multielectrode array (MEA) recording. Active compounds were found to be remarkably homogenous in their basic properties, with most being of low molecular weight, moderate hydrophobicity, low volatility, and possessing a negative electric charge. Purification and structural analysis of active compounds revealed multiple sulfated steroids, of which two were identified as sulfated glucocorticoids, including corticosterone 21-sulfate. Sulfatase-treated urine extracts lost >80% of their activity, indicating that sulfated compounds are the predominant VSN ligands in female mouse urine. As measured by MEA recording, a collection of 31 synthetic sulfated steroids triggered responses 30-fold more frequently than did a similarly sized stimulus set containing the majority of all previously reported VSN ligands. Collectively, VSNs detected all major classes of sulfated steroids, but individual neurons were sensitive to small variations in chemical structure. VSNs from both males and females detected sulfated steroids, but knock-outs for the sensory transduction channel TRPC2 did not detect these compounds. Urine concentrations of the two sulfated glucocorticoids increased many fold in stressed animals, indicating that information about physiological status is encoded by the urine concentration of particular sulfated steroids. These results provide an unprecedented characterization of the signals available for chemical communication among mice.

0 comments Cited 62 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

All references

Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Int J Mol Sci

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Int J Mol Sci

Journal ID (publisher-id): ijms

Title: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Publisher: MDPI

ISSN (Electronic): 1422-0067

Publication date (Electronic): 25 December 2019

Publication date Collection: January 2020

Volume: 21

Issue: 1

Electronic Location Identifier: 156

Affiliations

[1 ]Institute of Mountain Emergency Medicine, EURAC Research, I-39100 Bolzano, Italy

[2 ]ITER Center for Balance and Rehabilitation Research (ICBRR), 02032 Rome, Italy

[3 ]Domus Medica, Bagnoli del Trigno, 86091 Isernia, Italy; cormano_andrea@ 123456libero.it

[4 ]Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dental Sciences and Morpho-functional Imaging, Polyclinic Hospital University, 98124 Messina, Italy; dcaccamo@ 123456unime.it

[5 ]Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; malessandrini63@ 123456gmail.com

Author notes

[* ]Correspondence: alessandromicarelli@ 123456yahoo.it

[†]

These authors contributed equally to this work.

Author information

Alessandro Micarelli https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0495-5272

Andrea Cormano https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2096-706X

Daniela Caccamo https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8593-9495

Article

Publisher ID: ijms-21-00156

DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010156

PMC ID: 6981591

PubMed ID: 31881664

SO-VID: 35d266fc-6dad-40f7-97b8-79ffc00b4167

License:

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

Olfactory-Related Quality of Life in Multiple Chemical Sensitivity: A Genetic-Acquired Factors Model

Read this article at

Abstract

Related collections

Higher order chromatin architecture

Most cited references 109

Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium guidelines for cytochrome P450 2D6 genotype and codeine therapy: 2014 update.

New clues about vitamin D functions in the nervous system.

Sulfated steroids as natural ligands of mouse pheromone-sensing neurons.

Author and article information

Journal

Affiliations

Author notes

Author information

Article

History

Categories

Comments

Comment on this article

Similar content 130

Cited by 7

Most referenced authors 1,157