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      Traces of the Second Demographic Transition in Four Selected Countries in Central and Eastern Europe: Union Formation as a Demographic Manifestation

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          Abstract

          Using data from the first round of the national Gender and Generations Surveys of Russia, Romania, and Bulgaria, and from a similar survey of Hungary, which were all collected in recent years, we study rates of entry into marital and non-marital unions. We have used elements from the narrative of the Second Demographic Transition (SDT) as a vehicle to give our analysis of the data from the four countries some coherence, and find what can be traces of the SDT in these countries. The details vary by country; in particular, latter-day developments in union formation patterns did not start at the same time in all the countries, but in our assessment it began everywhere before communism fell, that is, before the societal transition to a market economy got underway in 1990.

          Résumé

          A partir des données de la première vague d’enquêtes du projet Générations et Genre en Russie, en Roumanie et en Bulgarie, et à partir d’une enquête comparable en Hongrie, toutes conduites récemment, cette étude s’intéresse aux taux d’entrée en union conjugale et non-conjugale. Nous avons utilisé des éléments du cadre descriptif de la seconde transition démographique comme grille d’analyse pour donner une cohérence aux données des quatre pays, et pour y explorer les traces de ce modèle de transition. Chaque pays a un contexte à part; en particulier, les évolutions récentes dans les modalités de formation des unions ont des calendriers variables, mais d’après notre étude le processus a commencé partout avant la chute du communisme, et donc avant la transition à l’économie de marché dans les années 90.

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          Marriage and childbirth as factors in dropping out from school: an analysis of DHS data from sub-Saharan Africa.

          Leaving school prematurely is often claimed to be among the most negative consequences of early marriage and pregnancy for girls in less developed countries. However, an analysis of the relative frequency with which these events actually occur or are named as reasons for leaving school reveals that, at least in the case of francophone Africa, they explain no more than 20 per cent of dropouts. To the extent that demographic events trump school or family factors as determinants of school-leaving, our data indicate that it is union formation--defined by the DHS as first marriage or cohabitation--rather than childbirth that is more likely to have this effect. 'Schoolgirl pregnancy' typically accounts for only between 5 and 10 per cent of girls' departures from school. Furthermore, the risks of leaving school because of pregnancy or marriage have declined over time with the decline in rates of early marriage and childbearing.
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            Generations and Gender Survey (GGS)

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              The quality of retrospective data on cohabitation.

              We assess the quality of retrospective data on cohabitation by comparing data collected in four major U.S. family surveys: the National Survey of Families and Households and three rounds of the National Survey of Family Growth. We use event-history analysis to analyze rates of entry into cohabitation in age-period-cohort segments captured by multiple surveys. We find consistent discrepancies among the four surveys. The pattern of differences suggests that cohabitation histories underestimate cohabitation rates in distant periods relative to rates estimated closer to the date of survey. We conclude with cautions regarding the use of retrospective data on cohabitation.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Hoem@demogr.mpg.de
                Journal
                Eur J Popul
                European Journal of Population
                Springer Netherlands (Dordrecht )
                0168-6577
                1572-9885
                10 February 2009
                August 2009
                : 25
                : 3
                : 239-255
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Konrad-Zuse-Str. 1, Rostock, 18057 Germany
                [2 ]University Babeş-Bolyai, Bd. 21 Decembrie nr. 128, 400604 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
                Article
                9177
                10.1007/s10680-009-9177-y
                2720586
                19657475
                368e2696-5057-4369-9d1f-712737e686c3
                © The Author(s) 2009
                History
                : 4 April 2008
                : 12 December 2008
                Categories
                Article
                Custom metadata
                © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2009

                Sociology
                first union,cohabitation,central and eastern europe,bulgaria,analyse conjointe des risques compétitifs,seconde transition démographique,mariage,second demographic transition,joint analysis of competing risks,russia,europe centrale et de l’est,romania,hungary,première union,marriage,russie, roumanie, hongrie, bulgarie

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