Mark-release-recapture studies reveal preferred spatial and temporal behaviors of  Anopheles barbirostris  in West Sulawesi, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background

Population density, dispersion patterns, flight distances, and survival rate of vector mosquitoes are all contributors to vectorial capacity that may be estimated in a single experimental method: mark-release-recapture (MRR). In this study, these key parameters were measured for mosquito populations in Karama, West Sulawesi, Indonesia.

Methods

Two mark-release-recapture (MRR) experiments were carried out in Karama village to characterize seasonality differences, if any: wet season (December 2013, MRR1) and dry season (May 2014, MRR2). For both experiments, mosquitoes were marked according to release site/date and were released on four consecutive nights. Four sampling methodologies were utilized to enable recapture: human landing catches (HLCs), kelambu traps and barrier screens.

Results

98.7% of all catches were molecularly confirmed as Anopheles barbirostris. During the wet season, An. barbirostris demonstrated no preference toward endophagy. In the dry season, An. barbirostris demonstrated an endophagic preference. The duration of the feeding cycle for An. barbirostris was determined to be 5 days during the wet season and 3.7 days during the dry season, though an anomaly likely caused the wet season feeding cycle to be overestimated. The largest percentages of recaptured mosquitoes were collected in a single site during both seasons. The only significant relationship with mosquito dispersal was site of release and recapture. Finally, dispersal rates of An. barbirostris frequently ranged up to 800 m (the maximum measurable distance in this study) within a single day of release.

Conclusions

This study estimated key vector parameters for An. barbirostris an understudied species complex, in Karama, West Sulawesi, Indonesia. Despite the length of the feeding cycle, the high indoor biting rates demonstrated by An. barbirostris in Karama suggest that the use of IRSs and LLINs, especially during the dry season, would have a substantial impact on the panmictic An. barbirostris population.

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Most cited references 36

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Plasmodium knowlesi in humans, macaques and mosquitoes in peninsular Malaysia

Indra Vythilingam, Yusuf M NoorAzian, Tan Cheong Huat … (2008)

Background Since a large focus of human infection with Plasmodium knowlesi, a simian malaria parasite naturally found in long-tailed and pig tailed macaques, was reported in Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo, it was pertinent to study the situation in peninsular Malaysia. A study was thus initiated to screen human cases of Plasmodium malariae using molecular techniques, to determine the presence of P. knowlesi in non- human primates and to elucidate its vectors. Methods Nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to identify all Plasmodium species present in the human blood samples sent to the Parasitology laboratory of Institute for Medical Research. At the same time, non-human primates were also screened for malaria parasites and nested PCR was carried out to determine the presence of P. knowlesi. Mosquitoes were collected from Pahang by human landing collection and monkey-baited-traps situated on three different levels. All mosquitoes were identified and salivary glands and midguts of anopheline mosquitoes were dissected to determine the presence of malaria parasites and nested PCR was carried out on positive glands. Sequencing of the csp genes were carried on P. knowlesi samples from humans, monkeys and mosquitoes, positive by PCR. Results and Discussion Plasmodium knowlesi was detected in 77 (69.37%) of the 111 human samples, 10 (6.90%) of the 145 monkey blood and in 2 (1.7%) Anopheles cracens. Sequence of the csp gene clustered with other P. knowlesi isolates. Conclusion Human infection with Plasmodium knowlesi is occurring in most states of peninsular Malaysia. An. cracens is the main vector. Economic exploitation of the forest is perhaps bringing monkeys, mosquitoes and humans into increased contact. A single bite from a mosquito infected with P. knowlesi is sufficient to introduce the parasite to humans. Thus, this zoonotic transmission has to be considered in the future planning of malaria control.

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Unexpected diversity of Anopheles species in Eastern Zambia: implications for evaluating vector behavior and interventions using molecular tools

Neil F. Lobo, Brandyce St. Laurent, Chadwick H Sikaala … (2015)

The understanding of malaria vector species in association with their bionomic traits is vital for targeting malaria interventions and measuring effectiveness. Many entomological studies rely on morphological identification of mosquitoes, limiting recognition to visually distinct species/species groups. Anopheles species assignments based on ribosomal DNA ITS2 and mitochondrial DNA COI were compared to morphological identifications from Luangwa and Nyimba districts in Zambia. The comparison of morphological and molecular identifications determined that interpretations of species compositions, insecticide resistance assays, host preference studies, trap efficacy, and Plasmodium infections were incorrect when using morphological identification alone. Morphological identifications recognized eight Anopheles species while 18 distinct sequence groups or species were identified from molecular analyses. Of these 18, seven could not be identified through comparison to published sequences. Twelve of 18 molecularly identified species (including unidentifiable species and species not thought to be vectors) were found by PCR to carry Plasmodium sporozoites - compared to four of eight morphological species. Up to 15% of morphologically identified Anopheles funestus mosquitoes in insecticide resistance tests were found to be other species molecularly. The comprehension of primary and secondary malaria vectors and bionomic characteristics that impact malaria transmission and intervention effectiveness are fundamental in achieving malaria elimination.

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Incidence of malaria among mosquito collectors conducting human landing catches in western Kenya.

Meghna Desai, John Williamson, Nathalie Hamel … (2013)

The human landing catch (HLC) has long been the gold standard for estimating malaria transmission by mosquitoes, but has come under scrutiny because of ethical concerns of exposing collectors to infectious bites. We estimated the incidence of Plasmodium falciparum malaria infection in a cohort of 152 persons conducting HLCs and compared it with that of 147 non-collectors in western Kenya. Participants were presumptively cleared of malaria with Coartem™ (artemether-lumefantrine) and tested for malaria every 2 weeks for 12 weeks. The HLC collections were conducted four nights per week for six weeks. Collectors were provided chemoprophylaxis with Malarone™ (atovaquone-proguanil) during the six weeks of HLC activities and one week after HLC activities were completed. The incidence of malaria was 96.6% lower in collectors than in non-collectors (hazard ratio = 0.034, P < 0.0001). Therefore, with proper prophylaxis, concern about increased risk of malaria among collectors should not be an impediment to conducting HLC studies.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Jenna R. Davidson: jdavids2@nd.edu

Rusdiyah Sudirman: dyah.chayank@gmail.com

Isra Wahid: israwahid@gmail.com

Robert N. Baskin: rnbaskin@outlook.com

Hajar Hasan: hajarfkm@gmail.com

Andi Muhammad Arfah: andiarfah@gmail.com

Nirwana Nur: nana.antik@gmail.com

Muhammad Yusuf Hidayat: yusufkesling@gmail.com

Din Syafruddin: din@eijkman.go.id

Neil F. Lobo: nlobo@nd.edu

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Parasit Vectors

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Parasit Vectors

Title: Parasites & Vectors

Publisher: BioMed Central (London )

ISSN (Electronic): 1756-3305

Publication date (Electronic): 1 August 2019

Publication date PMC-release: 1 August 2019

Publication date Collection: 2019

Volume: 12

Electronic Location Identifier: 385

Affiliations

[1 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2168 0066, GRID grid.131063.6, Eck Institute for Global Health, , University of Notre Dame, ; Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA

[2 ]ISNI 0000 0000 8544 230X, GRID grid.412001.6, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, , Universitas Hasanuddin, ; Makassar, 90245 Indonesia

[3 ]ISNI 0000 0004 1795 0993, GRID grid.418754.b, Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, ; Jakarta, Indonesia

Article

Publisher ID: 3640

DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3640-3

PMC ID: 6676633

PubMed ID: 31370906

SO-VID: 39a49db9-1ae5-43fd-a70d-bc1faebc2139

License:

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

History

Date received : 1 February 2019

Date accepted : 25 July 2019

Funding

Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100012463, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame;

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Parasitology

Keywords: mark-release-recapture,anopheles barbirostris,bionomics

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Parasitology

Keywords: mark-release-recapture, anopheles barbirostris, bionomics

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Mark-release-recapture studies reveal preferred spatial and temporal behaviors of Anopheles barbirostris in West Sulawesi, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Related collections

Malaria vaccine development

Most cited references 36

Plasmodium knowlesi in humans, macaques and mosquitoes in peninsular Malaysia

Unexpected diversity of Anopheles species in Eastern Zambia: implications for evaluating vector behavior and interventions using molecular tools

Incidence of malaria among mosquito collectors conducting human landing catches in western Kenya.

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