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      • Record: found
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      Identification of circulating MOG-specific B cells in patients with MOG antibodies

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          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Objective

          To identify circulating myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-specific B cells in the blood of patients with MOG antibodies (Abs) and to determine whether circulating MOG-specific B cells are linked to levels and epitope specificity of serum anti-MOG-Abs.

          Methods

          We compared peripheral blood from 21 patients with MOG-Abs and 26 controls for the presence of MOG-specific B cells. We differentiated blood-derived B cells in vitro in separate culture wells to Ab-producing cells via engagement of Toll-like receptors 7 and 8. We quantified the anti-MOG reactivity with a live cell–based assay by flow cytometry. We determined the recognition of MOG epitopes with a panel of mutated variants of MOG.

          Results

          MOG-Ab–positive patients had a higher frequency of MOG-specific B cells in blood than controls, but MOG-specific B cells were only detected in about 60% of these patients. MOG-specific B cells in blood showed no correlation with anti-MOG Ab levels in serum, neither in the whole group nor in the untreated patients. Epitope analysis of MOG-Abs secreted from MOG-specific B cells cultured in different wells revealed an intraindividual heterogeneity of the anti-MOG autoimmunity.

          Conclusions

          This study shows that patients with MOG-Abs greatly differ in the abundance of circulating MOG-specific B cells, which are not linked to levels of MOG-Abs in serum suggesting different sources of MOG-Abs. Identification of MOG-specific B cells in blood could be of future relevance for selecting patients with MOG-Abs for B cell–directed therapy.

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          Most cited references32

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          Maintenance of serological memory by polyclonal activation of human memory B cells.

          Nadia Bernasconi, Elisabetta Traggiai, Antonio Lanzavecchia (2002)
          Production of antibodies can last for a lifetime, through mechanisms that remain poorly understood. Here, we show that human memory B lymphocytes proliferate and differentiate into plasma cells in response to polyclonal stimuli, such as bystander T cell help and CpG DNA. Furthermore, plasma cells secreting antibodies to recall antigens are produced in vivo at levels proportional to the frequency of specific memory B cells, even several years after antigenic stimulation. Although antigen boosting leads to a transient increase in specific antibody levels, ongoing polyclonal activation of memory B cells offers a means to maintain serological memory for a human lifetime.
          Article 0 comments Cited 281 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            MOG encephalomyelitis: international recommendations on diagnosis and antibody testing

            S. Jarius, F Paul, O Aktas … (2018)
            Over the past few years, new-generation cell-based assays have demonstrated a robust association of autoantibodies to full-length human myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG-IgG) with (mostly recurrent) optic neuritis, myelitis and brainstem encephalitis, as well as with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM)-like presentations. Most experts now consider MOG-IgG-associated encephalomyelitis (MOG-EM) a disease entity in its own right, immunopathogenetically distinct from both classic multiple sclerosis (MS) and aquaporin-4 (AQP4)-IgG-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD). Owing to a substantial overlap in clinicoradiological presentation, MOG-EM was often unwittingly misdiagnosed as MS in the past. Accordingly, increasing numbers of patients with suspected or established MS are currently being tested for MOG-IgG. However, screening of large unselected cohorts for rare biomarkers can significantly reduce the positive predictive value of a test. To lessen the hazard of overdiagnosing MOG-EM, which may lead to inappropriate treatment, more selective criteria for MOG-IgG testing are urgently needed. In this paper, we propose indications for MOG-IgG testing based on expert consensus. In addition, we give a list of conditions atypical for MOG-EM (“red flags”) that should prompt physicians to challenge a positive MOG-IgG test result. Finally, we provide recommendations regarding assay methodology, specimen sampling and data interpretation.
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              Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies in neurological disease

              Markus Reindl, Patrick Waters (2018)
              Anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibodies (MOG-Abs) were first detected by immunoblot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay nearly 30 years ago, but their association with multiple sclerosis (MS) was not specific. Use of cell-based assays with native MOG as the substrate enabled identification of a group of MOG-Ab-positive patients with demyelinating phenotypes. Initially, MOG-Abs were reported in children with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM). Further studies identified MOG-Abs in adults and children with ADEM, seizures, encephalitis, anti-aquaporin-4-antibody (AQP4-Ab)-seronegative neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and related syndromes (optic neuritis, myelitis and brainstem encephalitis), but rarely in MS. This shift in our understanding of the diagnostic assays has re-invigorated the examination of MOG-Abs and their role in autoimmune and demyelinating disorders of the CNS. The clinical phenotypes, disease courses and responses to treatment that are associated with MOG-Abs are currently being defined. MOG-Ab-associated disease is different to AQP4-Ab-positive NMOSD and MS. This Review provides an overview of the current knowledge of MOG, the metrics of MOG-Ab assays and the clinical associations identified. We collate the data on antibody pathogenicity and the mechanisms that are thought to underlie this. We also highlight differences between MOG-Ab-associated disease, NMOSD and MS, and describe our current understanding on how best to treat MOG-Ab-associated disease.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Stephan Winklmeier:
                Comment :

                Scientific Advisory Boards:

                1. NONE

                Gifts:

                1. NONE

                Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

                1. NONE

                Editorial Boards:

                1. NONE

                Patents:

                1. NONE

                Publishing Royalties:

                1. NONE

                Employment, Commercial Entity:

                1. NONE

                Consultancies:

                1. NONE

                Speakers' Bureaus:

                1. NONE

                Other Activities:

                1. NONE

                Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Commercial Entities:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Government Entities:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Academic Entities:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

                1. NONE

                Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

                1. NONE

                License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

                1. NONE

                Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

                1. NONE

                Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

                1. NONE

                Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

                1. NONE

                Legal Proceedings:

                1. NONE

                Miriam Schlüter:
                Comment :

                Scientific Advisory Boards:

                1. NONE

                Gifts:

                1. NONE

                Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

                1. NONE

                Editorial Boards:

                1. NONE

                Patents:

                1. NONE

                Publishing Royalties:

                1. NONE

                Employment, Commercial Entity:

                1. NONE

                Consultancies:

                1. NONE

                Speakers' Bureaus:

                1. NONE

                Other Activities:

                1. NONE

                Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Commercial Entities:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Government Entities:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Academic Entities:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

                1. NONE

                Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

                1. NONE

                License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

                1. NONE

                Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

                1. NONE

                Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

                1. NONE

                Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

                1. NONE

                Legal Proceedings:

                1. NONE

                Melania Spadaro:
                Comment :

                Scientific Advisory Boards:

                1. NONE

                Gifts:

                1. NONE

                Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

                1. NONE

                Editorial Boards:

                1. NONE

                Patents:

                1. NONE

                Publishing Royalties:

                1. NONE

                Employment, Commercial Entity:

                1. NONE

                Consultancies:

                1. NONE

                Speakers' Bureaus:

                1. NONE

                Other Activities:

                1. NONE

                Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Commercial Entities:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Government Entities:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Academic Entities:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

                1. NONE

                Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

                1. NONE

                License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

                1. NONE

                Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

                1. NONE

                Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

                1. NONE

                Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

                1. NONE

                Legal Proceedings:

                1. NONE

                Franziska S. Thaler:
                Comment :

                Scientific Advisory Boards:

                1. NONE

                Gifts:

                1. NONE

                Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

                1. NONE

                Editorial Boards:

                1. NONE

                Patents:

                1. NONE

                Publishing Royalties:

                1. NONE

                Employment, Commercial Entity:

                1. NONE

                Consultancies:

                1. NONE

                Speakers' Bureaus:

                1. NONE

                Other Activities:

                1. NONE

                Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Commercial Entities:

                1. received grant support from Novartis Pharma GmbH

                Research Support, Government Entities:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Academic Entities:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

                1. received grant support from the Else-Kröner-Fresenius Foundation

                Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

                1. NONE

                License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

                1. NONE

                Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

                1. NONE

                Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

                1. NONE

                Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

                1. NONE

                Legal Proceedings:

                1. NONE

                Atay Vural:
                Comment :

                Scientific Advisory Boards:

                1. NONE

                Gifts:

                1. NONE

                Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

                1. NONE

                Editorial Boards:

                1. NONE

                Patents:

                1. NONE

                Publishing Royalties:

                1. NONE

                Employment, Commercial Entity:

                1. NONE

                Consultancies:

                1. NONE

                Speakers' Bureaus:

                1. NONE

                Other Activities:

                1. NONE

                Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Commercial Entities:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Government Entities:

                1. (1) The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK), Postdoctoral research fellowship program 2219, 2015-2016

                Research Support, Academic Entities:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

                1. (1) European Academy of Neurology, Research Fellowship, 2015- 2016 (2) Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, Georg-Forster Experienced Researcher Fellowship, 2017-2018

                Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

                1. NONE

                License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

                1. NONE

                Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

                1. NONE

                Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

                1. NONE

                Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

                1. NONE

                Legal Proceedings:

                1. NONE

                Ramona Gerhards:
                Comment :

                Scientific Advisory Boards:

                1. NONE

                Gifts:

                1. NONE

                Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

                1. NONE

                Editorial Boards:

                1. NONE

                Patents:

                1. NONE

                Publishing Royalties:

                1. NONE

                Employment, Commercial Entity:

                1. NONE

                Consultancies:

                1. NONE

                Speakers' Bureaus:

                1. NONE

                Other Activities:

                1. NONE

                Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Commercial Entities:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Government Entities:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Academic Entities:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

                1. NONE

                Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

                1. NONE

                License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

                1. NONE

                Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

                1. NONE

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                1. NONE

                Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

                1. NONE

                Legal Proceedings:

                1. NONE

                Caterina Macrini:
                Comment :

                Scientific Advisory Boards:

                1. NONE

                Gifts:

                1. NONE

                Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

                1. NONE

                Editorial Boards:

                1. NONE

                Patents:

                1. NONE

                Publishing Royalties:

                1. NONE

                Employment, Commercial Entity:

                1. NONE

                Consultancies:

                1. NONE

                Speakers' Bureaus:

                1. NONE

                Other Activities:

                1. NONE

                Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Commercial Entities:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Government Entities:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Academic Entities:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

                1. NONE

                Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

                1. NONE

                License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

                1. NONE

                Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

                1. NONE

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                1. NONE

                Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

                1. NONE

                Legal Proceedings:

                1. NONE

                Simone Mader:
                Comment :

                Scientific Advisory Boards:

                1. NONE

                Gifts:

                1. NONE

                Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

                1. NONE

                Editorial Boards:

                1. NONE

                Patents:

                1. Inhibition of autism spectrum disorders using decoy antigens to maternal brain reactive antibodies (W02017062270A1) (1.) A method for inhibiting or reducing development of an Autism spectrum disorder in a fetus or an infant that is in utero exposed to pathogenic autoantibodies, particularly blocking specific autoantibodies. (2.) Methods of diagnosis and methods of treatment and prevention for autism spectrum disorder are provided using decoy antigens to maternal brain reactive antibodies.

                Publishing Royalties:

                1. NONE

                Employment, Commercial Entity:

                1. NONE

                Consultancies:

                1. NONE

                Speakers' Bureaus:

                1. NONE

                Other Activities:

                1. NONE

                Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Commercial Entities:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Government Entities:

                1. Received Award from Synergy (Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology)

                Research Support, Academic Entities:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

                1. NONE

                Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

                1. NONE

                License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

                1. NONE

                Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

                1. NONE

                Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

                1. NONE

                Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

                1. NONE

                Legal Proceedings:

                1. NONE

                Aslı Kurne:
                Comment :

                Scientific Advisory Boards:

                1. NONE

                Gifts:

                1. NONE

                Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

                1. NONE

                Editorial Boards:

                1. NONE

                Patents:

                1. NONE

                Publishing Royalties:

                1. NONE

                Employment, Commercial Entity:

                1. NONE

                Consultancies:

                1. NONE

                Speakers' Bureaus:

                1. NONE

                Other Activities:

                1. NONE

                Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Commercial Entities:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Government Entities:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Academic Entities:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

                1. NONE

                Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

                1. NONE

                License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

                1. NONE

                Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

                1. NONE

                Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

                1. NONE

                Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

                1. NONE

                Legal Proceedings:

                1. NONE

                Berin Inan:
                Comment :

                Scientific Advisory Boards:

                1. NONE

                Gifts:

                1. NONE

                Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

                1. NONE

                Editorial Boards:

                1. NONE

                Patents:

                1. NONE

                Publishing Royalties:

                1. NONE

                Employment, Commercial Entity:

                1. NONE

                Consultancies:

                1. NONE

                Speakers' Bureaus:

                1. NONE

                Other Activities:

                1. NONE

                Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Commercial Entities:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Government Entities:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Academic Entities:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

                1. NONE

                Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

                1. NONE

                License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

                1. NONE

                Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

                1. NONE

                Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

                1. NONE

                Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

                1. NONE

                Legal Proceedings:

                1. NONE

                Rana Karabudak:
                Comment :

                Scientific Advisory Boards:

                1. Roche Ensemble 30143

                Gifts:

                1. NONE

                Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

                1. Roche Sanofi

                Editorial Boards:

                1. NONE

                Patents:

                1. NONE

                Publishing Royalties:

                1. NONE

                Employment, Commercial Entity:

                1. NONE

                Consultancies:

                1. NONE

                Speakers' Bureaus:

                1. NONE

                Other Activities:

                1. NONE

                Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Commercial Entities:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Government Entities:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Academic Entities:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

                1. NONE

                Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

                1. NONE

                License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

                1. NONE

                Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

                1. NONE

                Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

                1. NONE

                Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

                1. NONE

                Legal Proceedings:

                1. NONE

                Feyza Gül Özbay:
                Comment :

                Scientific Advisory Boards:

                1. NONE

                Gifts:

                1. NONE

                Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

                1. NONE

                Editorial Boards:

                1. NONE

                Patents:

                1. NONE

                Publishing Royalties:

                1. NONE

                Employment, Commercial Entity:

                1. NONE

                Consultancies:

                1. NONE

                Speakers' Bureaus:

                1. NONE

                Other Activities:

                1. NONE

                Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Commercial Entities:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Government Entities:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Academic Entities:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

                1. NONE

                Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

                1. NONE

                License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

                1. NONE

                Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

                1. NONE

                Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

                1. NONE

                Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

                1. NONE

                Legal Proceedings:

                1. NONE

                Gunes Esendagli:
                Comment :

                Scientific Advisory Boards:

                1. NONE

                Gifts:

                1. NONE

                Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

                1. NONE

                Editorial Boards:

                1. NONE

                Patents:

                1. NONE

                Publishing Royalties:

                1. NONE

                Employment, Commercial Entity:

                1. NONE

                Consultancies:

                1. NONE

                Speakers' Bureaus:

                1. NONE

                Other Activities:

                1. NONE

                Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Commercial Entities:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Government Entities:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Academic Entities:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

                1. NONE

                Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

                1. NONE

                License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

                1. NONE

                Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

                1. NONE

                Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

                1. NONE

                Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

                1. NONE

                Legal Proceedings:

                1. NONE

                Reinhard Hohlfeld:
                Comment :

                Scientific Advisory Boards:

                1. Served on Scientific Advisory boards for Novartis; Biogen- Idec; Bayer-Schering; Merck-Serono; Sanofi-Aventis; Teva; Served on data safety monitoring boards for Novartis; Merck Serono (since 2007); CSL Behring; Medday; Actelion

                Gifts:

                1. NONE

                Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

                1. Received funding for trips from Novartis; Biogen-Idec; Bayer-Schering; Merck-Serono; Sanofi- Aventis; Teva; Genzyme

                Editorial Boards:

                1. Serve as editorial board member of Neurology (currently); Brain; Clinical and Experimental Immunology; Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift; Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy; Journal of Neuroimmunology; Multiple Sclerosis; Nervenarzt; Practical Neurology; Seminars in Immunopathology; Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders

                Patents:

                1. NONE

                Publishing Royalties:

                1. NONE

                Employment, Commercial Entity:

                1. NONE

                Consultancies:

                1. Receive consulting fees from Novartis; Biogen-Idec; Bayer- Schering; Merck-Serono; Sanofi-Aventis; Teva; Genzyme; Medday; Actelion

                Speakers' Bureaus:

                1. NONE

                Other Activities:

                1. NONE

                Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Commercial Entities:

                1. Received grant support from Novartis (2008 to present); Biogen-Idec (2005-2009); Bayer-Schering (2001-2006); Teva (1999-2007)

                Research Support, Government Entities:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Academic Entities:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

                1. NONE

                Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

                1. NONE

                License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

                1. NONE

                Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

                1. NONE

                Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

                1. NONE

                Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

                1. NONE

                Legal Proceedings:

                1. NONE

                Tania Kümpfel:
                Comment :

                Scientific Advisory Boards:

                1. NONE

                Gifts:

                1. NONE

                Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

                1. I have received travel expenses and personal compensations for lectures from Bayer Healthcare, Teva Pharma, Merck, Novartis Pharma, Sanofi-Aventis/Genzyme, CLB Behring, Roche Pharma and Biogen as well as grant support from Bayer-Schering AG, Novartis and Chugai Pharma

                Editorial Boards:

                1. NONE

                Patents:

                1. NONE

                Publishing Royalties:

                1. NONE

                Employment, Commercial Entity:

                1. NONE

                Consultancies:

                1. NONE

                Speakers' Bureaus:

                1. NONE

                Other Activities:

                1. NONE

                Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Commercial Entities:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Government Entities:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Academic Entities:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

                1. NONE

                Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

                1. NONE

                License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

                1. NONE

                Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

                1. NONE

                Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

                1. NONE

                Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

                1. NONE

                Legal Proceedings:

                1. NONE

                Edgar Meinl:
                Comment :

                Scientific Advisory Boards:

                1. NONE

                Gifts:

                1. NONE

                Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:

                1. (1) Roche, Honorarium (2) Novartis, Honorarium (3) Sanofi, Honorarium (4) Biogen, Honorarium (5) Bioeq, Honorarium

                Editorial Boards:

                1. (1) Journal of Pathology, Editorial board, since 2010 (2) Plos One, editor, since 2014 (3) Journal of Biological Chemistry, reviewing editor, since 2015 (4) Frontiers in Immunology, Frontiers in Neurology, associate editor, since 2017

                Patents:

                1. NONE

                Publishing Royalties:

                1. NONE

                Employment, Commercial Entity:

                1. NONE

                Consultancies:

                1. NONE

                Speakers' Bureaus:

                1. NONE

                Other Activities:

                1. NONE

                Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Commercial Entities:

                1. (1) Novartis (2) Sanofi (3) Merck

                Research Support, Government Entities:

                1. (1) DFG, SFB TRR 128 (2) BMBF, KKNMS

                Research Support, Academic Entities:

                1. NONE

                Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

                1. (1) Verein zur Therapieforschung für Multiple Sklerose Kranke

                Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

                1. NONE

                License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

                1. NONE

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                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm
                Journal ID (hwp): nnn
                Journal ID (publisher-id): NEURIMMINFL
                Title: Neurology® Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation
                Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins (Hagerstown, MD )
                ISSN (Electronic): 2332-7812
                Publication date Collection: November 2019
                Publication date (Electronic): 14 October 2019
                Publication date PMC-release: 14 October 2019
                Volume: 6
                Issue: 6
                Page: 625
                Affiliations
                From the Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (S.W., M. Schlüter, M. Spadaro, F.S.T., A.V., R.G., C.M., S.M., R.H., T.K., E.M.), Biomedical Center and University Hospitals, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Germany; Research Center for Translational Medicine (A.V.), Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Neurology, (A.K., B.I., R.K.), Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Basic Oncology (F.G.Ö., G.E.), Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara Turkey; and Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.H.), Germany.
                Author notes
                Correspondence Dr. Meinl edgar.Meinl@ 123456med.uni-muenchen.de

                Go to Neurology.org/NN for full disclosures. Funding information is provided at the end of the article.

                The Article Processing Charge was funded by the authors.

                Article
                Publisher ID: NEURIMMINFL2019021733
                DOI: 10.1212/NXI.0000000000000625
                PMC ID: 6857907
                PubMed ID: 31611268
                SO-VID: 3c546e62-040a-41c7-9c36-145d19295d46
                Copyright © Copyright © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the American Academy of Neurology.
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License 4.0 (CC BY-NC-ND), which permits downloading and sharing the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal.

                History
                Date received : 07 June 2019
                Date accepted : 20 August 2019
                Categories
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                Subject: 42
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                Subject: 131
                Subject: 132
                Subject: Article
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