Efficacy of Osimertinib Plus Bevacizumab vs Osimertinib in Patients With EGFR T790M–Mutated Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Previously Treated With Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor–Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor : West Japan Oncology Group 8715L Phase 2 Randomized Clinical Trial

Abstract

This randomized clinical trial assesses the efficacy and safety of osimertinib plus bevacizumab vs osimertinib alone in patients with EGFR T790M–mutated lung adenocarcinoma.

Key Points

Question

Can osimertinib plus bevacizumab work synergistically and be tolerable in patients with advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that harbors EGFR T790M mutation?

Findings

In this phase 2 randomized clinical trial of 81 patients with NSCLC with EGFR T790M mutation, osimertinib plus bevacizumab failed to show prolongation of progression-free survival and overall survival compared with osimertinib alone, although toxic effects were tolerable.

Meaning

In patients with NSCLC with EGFR T790M mutation, osimertinib plus bevacizumab was tolerable but not efficacious , which had been suggested by recent single-arm studies.

Abstract

Importance

Although treatment with first-generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)–tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) plus antiangiogenic inhibitor has shown promising efficacies in patients with EGFR-mutated lung adenocarcinoma, recent single-arm studies have suggested that osimertinib plus antiangiogenic inhibitor might not work synergistically.

Objective

To explore the efficacy and safety of osimertinib plus bevacizumab compared with osimertinib alone in patients with lung adenocarcinoma with EGFR T790M mutation.

Design, Setting, and Participants

Patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma that progressed with prior EGFR-TKI treatment (other than third-generation TKI) and acquired EGFR T790M mutation were enrolled. This study comprises a lead-in part with 6 patients and a subsequent phase 2 part. In phase 2, patients were randomized to osimertinib plus bevacizumab or osimertinib alone in a 1:1 ratio.

Interventions

The combination arm received oral osimertinib (80 mg, every day) plus intravenous bevacizumab (15 mg/kg, every 3 weeks) until progression or unacceptable toxic effects. The control arm received osimertinib monotherapy.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS) assessed by investigators. Secondary end points consisted of overall response rate, time to treatment failure, overall survival, and safety.

Results

From August 2017 through September 2018, a total of 87 patients were registered (6 in the lead-in part and 81 in the phase 2 part [intention-to-treat population]). Among those randomized, the median (range) age was 68 (41-82) years; 33 (41%) were male; 37 (46%) had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0; and 21 (26%) had brain metastasis. Although the overall response rate was better with osimertinib plus bevacizumab than osimertinib alone (68% vs 54%), median PFS was not longer with osimertinib plus bevacizumab (9.4 months vs 13.5 months; adjusted hazard ratio, 1.44; 80% CI, 1.00 to 2.08; P = .20). Median time to treatment failure was also shorter in the combination arm vs the osimertinib arm (8.4 months vs 11.2 months; P = .12). Median overall survival was not different in the combination arm vs osimertinib arm (not reached vs 22.1 months; P = .96). In the combination arm, common adverse events of grade 3 or higher were proteinuria (n = 9; 23%), hypertension (n = 8; 20%).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this randomized clinical trial comparing osimertinib plus bevacizumab vs osimertinib alone, the combination arm failed to show prolongation of PFS in patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma with EGFR T790M mutation.

Trial Registration

UMIN Clinical Trials Registry Identifier: UMIN000023761