Prevalence and Predictors of Burnout in Midwives: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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Abstract

The prevalence of burnout in midwives has been briefly studied. Given the negative effects of burnout syndrome in the physical and mental health, and also related to the quality of care provided, rates of absenteeism and sick leave; identifying related factors for the syndrome are needed. The aim was to determine the prevalence, levels, and factors related to the burnout syndrome, measured with the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory in midwives. A systematic review and meta-analysis were selected from CINAHL, LILACS, ProQuest, PsycINFO, PubMed, SciELO, and Scopus databases, with the search equation “burnout AND (midwife OR midwives OR nurses midwives)”. Fourteen articles were found with a total of 8959 midwives. Most of the studies showed moderate levels of personal burnout. The prevalence obtained was 50% (95% CI = 38–63) for personal burnout; 40% (95% CI = 32–49) for work-related burnout; and 10% (95% CI = 7–13) for client-related burnout. Midwives’ age, less experience, and living alone constitute the main related factors, as well as, the scarcity of resources, work environment, and the care model used. Most midwives present personal and work-related burnout, which indicates a high risk of developing burnout. Personal factors and working conditions should be taken into account when assessing burnout risk profiles of midwives.

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Prevalence of burnout, depression, anxiety and stress in Australian midwives: a cross-sectional survey

D K Creedy, Julie M. Sidebotham, J G Gamble … (2017)

Background The health and wellbeing of midwives are important considerations for workforce retention and quality care. The occurrence and relationships among mental health conditions such as burnout and depression have received little attention. We investigated the prevalence of burnout, depression, anxiety and stress in Australian midwives. Methods An online survey was conducted in September 2014. Participants were recruited through the Australian College of Midwives and professional networks. The survey sought personal and professional details. Standard measures included the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI) (Personal, Work and Client subscales), and Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS). The sample was collapsed into two groups according to DASS clinical cut-offs (normal/mild versus moderate/severe/extreme). Effect size statistics were calculated and judged according to Cohen’s guidelines. Results One thousand thirty-seven surveys were received. Respondents were predominantly female (98%), with an average age of 46.43 years, and 16.51 years of practice. Using a CBI subscale cut-off score of 50 and above (moderate and higher), 64.9% (n = 643) reported personal burnout; 43.8% (n = 428) reported work-related burnout; and 10.4% (n = 102) reported client-related burnout. All burnout subscales were significantly correlated with depression, anxiety and stress, particularly personal and work-related burnout with Spearman’s rho correlations ranging from .51 to .63 (p < .001). Around 20% of midwives reported moderate/ severe/ extreme levels of depression (17.3%); anxiety (20.4%), and stress (22.1%) symptoms. Mann-Whitney U tests revealed significant differences between groups with depression (r = .43), anxiety (r = .41) and stress (r = 48) having a medium size effect on burnout. Conclusion Prevalence of personal and work-related burnout in Australian midwives was high. The physical and psychological exhaustion associated with the different types of burnout were reflected in symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress symptoms. Further research is needed to support the personal well-being of midwives and minimize workplace burnout by developing short and long term strategies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12884-016-1212-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Burnout among employees in human service work: design and baseline findings of the PUMA study.

Marianne Borritz, Annemarie Kristensen, A Mikkelsen … (2005)

To present the theoretical framework, design, methods, and baseline findings of the first Danish study on determinants and consequences of burnout, and the impact of workplace interventions in human service work organizations. A 5-year prospective intervention study comprising 2,391 employees from different organizations in the human service sector: social security offices, psychiatric prison, institutions for severely disabled, hospitals, and homecare services. Data were collected at baseline and at two follow-ups. The authors developed a new burnout tool (the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory) covering work-related, client-related, and personal burnout. The study includes potential determinants of burnout (e.g. the psychosocial work environment, social relations outside work, lifestyle factors, and personality aspects) and consequences of burnout (e.g. poor health, low job satisfaction, turnover, and absenteeism). Here, the focus is on the description of the study population at baseline, including associations of work burnout with psychosocial work environment scales and absence. Response rate at baseline was 80.1%. Midwives and homecare workers had high levels on both work- and client-related burnout. Prison officers had the highest level on client-related burnout. Supervisors and office assistants had low levels on both scales. Work burnout showed the highest correlations with job satisfaction (r = -0.51), quantitative demands (r = 0.48), role-conflicts (r = 0.44), and emotional demands (r = 0.42). Sickness absence was 13.9 vs 6.0 days among participants in the highest and lowest work burnout quartile, respectively. The findings indicate that study design and methods are adequate for the upcoming prospective analyses of aetiology and consequences of burnout and of the impact of workplace interventions.

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Gender, Marital Status, and Children as Risk Factors for Burnout in Nurses: A Meta-Analytic Study

Guillermo A. Cañadas-De la Fuente, Elena Ortega, Lucia Ramirez-Baena … (2018)

The correlation between the burnout syndrome and sociodemographic variables in nursing professionals has been widely studied though research results are contradictory. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of gender, marital status, and children on the dimensions of the burnout syndrome (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment) in nursing professionals, as measured with the Maslach Burnout Inventory. The search was performed in May 2018 in the next databases: CINAHL, CUIDEN, Dialnet, Psicodoc, ProQuest Platform, OVID Platform, and Scopus with the search equation (“Maslach Burnout Inventory” OR “MBI”) AND “nurs*”, without using any search restriction. The sample was n = 78 studies: 57 studies for gender; 32 for marital status; 13 for having children. A statistically significant relation between depersonalization and gender (r = 0.078), marital status (r = 0.047), and children (r = 0.053) was found. A significant relation was also found between emotional exhaustion and children (r = 0.048). The results showed that being male, being single or divorced, and not having children were related to the highest levels of burnout in nurses. Moreover, these relations could be accentuated by the influence of moderator variables (age, seniority, job satisfaction, etc.), which, in combination with the previously mentioned significant relations, should be evaluated in the design burnout risk profiles for nursing professionals.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Int J Environ Res Public Health

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Int J Environ Res Public Health

Journal ID (publisher-id): ijerph

Title: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

Publisher: MDPI

ISSN (Print): 1661-7827

ISSN (Electronic): 1660-4601

Publication date (Electronic): 19 January 2020

Publication date (Print): January 2020

Volume: 17

Issue: 2

Electronic Location Identifier: 641

Affiliations

[1 ]Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Universitario de Ceuta, C/Cortadura del Valle SN, 51001 Ceuta, Spain; norasm@ 123456ugr.es

[2 ]Andalusian Health Service, Avenida del Sur N. 11, 18014 Granada, Spain; lualbgar1979@ 123456ugr.es

[3 ]Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Avenida de la Ilustración N. 60, 18016 Granada, Spain; jlgurquiza@ 123456ugr.es

[4 ]Faculty of Psychology, University of Granada, Campus Universitario de Cartuja SN, 18071 Granada, Spain; keyvarom@ 123456ugr.es

[5 ]Spanish Red Cross Nursing School, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. de la Cruz Roja, 41009 Sevilla, Spain

[6 ]Faculty of Psychology, University of Almería, Carretera de Sacramento SN, 04120 Almería, Spain; elenaortega@ 123456ual.es

[7 ]Brain, Mind and Behaviour Research Center (CIMCYC), Faculty of Psychology, University of Granada, Campus Universitario de Cartuja SN, 18011 Granada, Spain; edfuente@ 123456ugr.es

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[* ]Correspondence: luciarb@ 123456correo.ugr.es ; Tel.: +34-954-35-0997

Author information

Nora Suleiman-Martos https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4133-0092

Luis Albendín-García https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2684-1778

José L. Gómez-Urquiza https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8684-1817

Keyla Vargas-Román https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7517-9506

Lucia Ramirez-Baena https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8787-9887

Emilia I. De La Fuente-Solana https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3618-4035

Article

Publisher ID: ijerph-17-00641

DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17020641

PMC ID: 7013833

PubMed ID: 31963831

SO-VID: 3e71b22a-1f07-4fc3-a347-97bb1504581c

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Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

Prevalence and Predictors of Burnout in Midwives: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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Chinese Journal of School Health

Most cited references 50

Prevalence of burnout, depression, anxiety and stress in Australian midwives: a cross-sectional survey

Burnout among employees in human service work: design and baseline findings of the PUMA study.

Gender, Marital Status, and Children as Risk Factors for Burnout in Nurses: A Meta-Analytic Study

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