21
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
1 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Freshwater fishes of the Parque Nacional dos Lençóis Maranhenses and adjacent areas Translated title: Peixes de água doce do Parque Nacional dos Lençóis Maranhenses e áreas adjacentes

      research-article

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Abstract: We present here an embracing freshwater fish inventory of the Parque Nacional dos Lençóis Maranhenses and adjacent areas, reporting 49 fish species, 33 of which were identified accurately at the species level, representing ten orders and 25 fish families that range from obligate freshwater to estuarine organisms. This number of species is much larger than two previous studies for the park, each reporting just 12 and 33 fishes occurring on freshwater environments. Among the 49 freshwater species recorded in this study, 14 are new records for the Parque Nacional dos Lençóis Maranhenses, and just one corresponds to an introduced species. Some of the 14 new records in the Parque Nacional dos Lençóis Maranhenses, cited above, as well as some of the 16 species which we are not able to identify accurately at the species level, could include undescribed species, but more study is necessary before sorting out which species are truly undescribed, and which are already described ones. The orders reported by this survey which comprise the highest percentage of species richness, excluding introduced species, were: Characiformes, Cichliformes and Siluriformes, in the same ranking position, and Gymnotiformes, as expected for Neotropical freshwater surveys. The families with the highest number of species, excluding non-native species, were: Characidae, followed by Cichlidae, and Loricariidae. Out of the 33 species herein identified accurately at the species level, five of them are species typically found in brackish water environments, and when occurring on freshwater environments, are restricted mainly to estuaries, or, occasionally, the lower portions of the rivers. Thus, we will not address them in our biogeographical comments. From the remaining 28 species, eight did not occur in the Amazon River basin, six of them being endemic to the Maranhão-Piauí ecoregion. The remaining species herein reported also have their distribution recorded for the Amazon River basin, which shows the great influence of the Amazon basin. In the last two decades efforts to inventory the freshwater fish fauna and to taxonomically solve some groups occurring on the Maranhão state have been made. However the knowledge regarding the composition of the Maranhão freshwater fishes is still insufficient and underestimated, with several groups still lacking adequate taxonomic and systematic resolution, and with many gaps of knowledge, something that is not appropriate for our current picture of "biodiversity crisis". As well as, the other Brazilian protected areas, the PNLM fails to preserve its freshwater environment properly, since it includes only fragments of the major river systems of the area, not including and conserving the hole river drainages, mainly excluding their headwaters. Thus, its water bodies are exposed to typical human impacts.

          Translated abstract

          Resumo: Nós apresentamos aqui um inventário de peixes de água doce do Parque Nacional dos Lençóis Maranhenses e áreas adjacentes, relatando 49 espécies de peixes, 33 dos quais foram identificados com precisão à nível de espécie, representando dez ordens e 25 famílias de peixes que variam de água doce à organismos estuarinos. Esse número de espécies é muito maior do que dois estudos anteriores para o parque, cada um registrando apenas 12 e 33 espécies de peixes ocorrendo em ambientes de água doce. Entre as 49 espécies de água doce registradas neste estudo, 14 são novos registros para o Parque Nacional dos Lençóis Maranhenses, e apenas um corresponde a uma espécie introduzida. Alguns dos 14 novos registros no Parque Nacional dos Lençóis Maranhenses, citados acima, bem como algumas das 16 espécies que não foram possíveis de serem identificadas com precisão no nível de espécie, podem incluir espécies não descritas. Entretanto, são necessários mais estudos antes de se ter certeza de quais espécies são verdadeiramente não descritas, e quais já são descritas. As ordens relatadas por esta pesquisa que compõem a maior porcentagem de riqueza de espécies, excluindo espécies introduzidas, foram: Characiformes, Cichliformes e Siluriformes na mesma posição do ranking, e Gymnotiformes, como esperado para levantamentos de água doce Neotropical. As famílias com maior número de espécies, excluindo espécies não nativas, foram: Characidae, seguida por Cichlidae e Loricariidae. Das 33 espécies aqui identificadas com precisão no nível de espécie, cinco delas são espécies tipicamente encontradas em ambientes de água salobra, e quando ocorrem em ambientes de água doce, são restritas principalmente a estuários, ou ocasionalmente, as porções mais baixas dos rios. Assim, não os abordaremos em nossos comentários biogeográficos. Das 28 espécies restantes, oito não ocorrem na bacia do rio Amazonas, sendo seis endêmicas da ecorregião Maranhão-Piauí. As espécies restantes aqui relatadas também têm sua distribuição registrada para a bacia do rio Amazonas, o que mostra sua grande influência. Nas últimas duas décadas foram feitos esforços para inventariar a fauna de peixes de água doce e resolver taxonomicamente alguns grupos que ocorrem no estado do Maranhão. No entanto, o conhecimento sobre a composição dos peixes de água doce do Maranhão ainda é insuficiente e subestimado, com vários grupos ainda sem resolução taxonômica e sistemática adequada, e com muitas lacunas de conhecimento, algo que não é apropriado para nosso quadro atual da "crise da biodiversidade". Assim como as demais áreas de proteção brasileiras, o PNLM falha em preservar seus ambientes de água doce de forma apropriada, já que ele inclui apenas fragmentos dos maiores sistemas fluviais da área, não incluindo e conservando as drenagens inteiramente, principalmente excluindo suas cabeceiras. Sendo assim, seus corpos de águas estão expostos a típicos impactos humanos.

          Related collections

          Most cited references37

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: found
          Is Open Access

          Fish biodiversity and conservation in South America.

          The freshwater and marine fish faunas of South America are the most diverse on Earth, with current species richness estimates standing above 9100 species. In addition, over the last decade at least 100 species were described every year. There are currently about 5160 freshwater fish species, and the estimate for the freshwater fish fauna alone points to a final diversity between 8000 and 9000 species. South America also has c. 4000 species of marine fishes. The mega-diverse fish faunas of South America evolved over a period of >100 million years, with most lineages tracing origins to Gondwana and the adjacent Tethys Sea. This high diversity was in part maintained by escaping the mass extinctions and biotic turnovers associated with Cenozoic climate cooling, the formation of boreal and temperate zones at high latitudes and aridification in many places at equatorial latitudes. The fresh waters of the continent are divided into 13 basin complexes, large basins consolidated as a single unit plus historically connected adjacent coastal drainages, and smaller coastal basins grouped together on the basis of biogeographic criteria. Species diversity, endemism, noteworthy groups and state of knowledge of each basin complex are described. Marine habitats around South America, both coastal and oceanic, are also described in terms of fish diversity, endemism and state of knowledge. Because of extensive land use changes, hydroelectric damming, water divergence for irrigation, urbanization, sedimentation and overfishing 4-10% of all fish species in South America face some degree of extinction risk, mainly due to habitat loss and degradation. These figures suggest that the conservation status of South American freshwater fish faunas is better than in most other regions of the world, but the marine fishes are as threatened as elsewhere. Conserving the remarkable aquatic habitats and fishes of South America is a growing challenge in face of the rapid anthropogenic changes of the 21st century, and deserves attention from conservationists and policy makers.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Fish and aquatic habitat conservation in South America: a continental overview with emphasis on neotropical systems.

            Fish conservation in South America is a pressing issue. The biodiversity of fishes, just as with all other groups of plants and animals, is far from fully known. Continuing habitat loss may result in biodiversity losses before full species diversity is known. In this review, the main river basins of South America (Magdalena, Orinoco, Amazon and Paraná-La Plata system), together with key aquatic habitats (mangrove-fringed estuaries of the tropical humid, tropical semi-arid and subtropical regions) are analysed in terms of their characteristics and main concerns. Habitat loss was the main concern identified for all South American ecosystems. It may be caused by damming of rivers, deforestation, water pollution, mining, poor agricultural practice or inadequate management practice. Habitat loss has a direct consequence, which is a decrease in the availability of living resources, a serious social and economic issue, especially for South American nations which are all developing countries. The introduction of exotic species and overfishing were also identified as widespread across the continent and its main freshwater, coastal and marine ecosystems. Finally, suggestions are made to find ways to overcome these problems. The main suggestion is a change of paradigm and a new design for conservation actions, starting with integrated research and aiming at the co-ordinated and harmonized management of the main transboundary waters of the continent. The actions would be focused on habitat conservation and social rescue of the less well-off populations of indigenous and non-indigenous peoples. Energy and freshwater demands will also have to be rescaled in order to control habitat loss.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: not found
              • Article: not found

              Conservation of the Biodiversity of Brazil's Inland Waters

                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                bn
                Biota Neotropica
                Biota Neotrop.
                Instituto Virtual da Biodiversidade | BIOTA - FAPESP (Campinas, SP, Brazil )
                1806-129X
                1676-0611
                May 2019
                : 19
                : 3
                : e20180660
                Affiliations
                [5] Chapadinha orgnameUniversidade Federal do Maranhão orgdiv1Laboratório de Sistemática e Ecologia de Organismos Aquáticos orgdiv2Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Brazil
                [6] Chapadinha orgnameUniversidade Federal do Maranhão orgdiv1Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Ambientais orgdiv2Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Brazil
                [3] São Luís orgnameUniversidade Federal do Maranhão orgdiv1Departamento de Biologia Brazil
                [1] São Luís orgnameUniversidade Federal do Maranhão orgdiv1Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Amazônia Legal Brazil
                [4] São Luís orgnameUniversidade Federal do Maranhão orgdiv1Laboratório de Ecologia e Sistemática de Peixes Brazil
                [2] São Luís orgnameUniversidade Federal do Maranhão orgdiv1Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação Brazil
                Article
                S1676-06032019000300303
                10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2018-0660
                4014f281-4c55-4325-9614-fb50de6b57f7

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 20 September 2018
                : 12 April 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 61, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Inventory

                Biodiversity,Rio Preguiças,Rio Periá,ictiologia,Biodiversidade,Preguiças River basin,Periá River basin,ichthyology

                Comments

                Comment on this article