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      Complete Genome Sequence of JII-1961, a Bovine Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis Field Isolate from Germany

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          ABSTRACT

          Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis causes Johne’s disease in ruminants and was also detected in nonruminant species, including human beings, and in milk products. We announce here the 4.829-Mb complete genome sequence of the cattle-type strain JII-1961 from Germany, which is very similar to cattle-type strains recovered from different continents.

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          Most cited references11

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          Occurrence and stability of insertion sequences in Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex strains: evaluation of an insertion sequence-dependent DNA polymorphism as a tool in the epidemiology of tuberculosis.

          In this study we established the usefulness of DNA fingerprinting for the epidemiology of tuberculosis on the basis of the DNA polymorphism generated by the insertion sequence (IS) IS986. Although clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis displayed a remarkably high degree of restriction fragment length polymorphism, we showed that transposition of this IS element is an extremely rare event in M. tuberculosis complex strains grown either in vitro or in vivo for long periods of time. The M. tuberculosis and Mycobacterium africanum strains tested in this study contained 6 to 17 IS copies. In the Mycobacterium bovis strains, the copy numbers ranged between 1 and 5, and all 27 M. bovis BCG strains investigated invariably contained a single IS copy. This copy was located at a unique chromosomal position, reinforcing the idea that the frequency of IS transposition is very low in M. tuberculosis complex strains. Various microepidemics are described in which each microepidemic corresponds to a particular fingerprint type. The extent of similarity between Dutch and African strains was quantitatively assessed by computer-assisted analysis of DNA fingerprints. The results indicate that M. tuberculosis strains from regions in central Africa, where tuberculosis is highly prevalent, are generally more related to each other than isolates from the Netherlands, where the transmission rate is low and where the majority of the tuberculosis cases are presumed to be the result of reactivation of previously contracted M. tuberculosis infections.
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            Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in Veterinary Medicine.

            Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (basonym M. paratuberculosis) is the etiologic agent of a severe gastroenteritis in ruminants known as Johne's disease. Economic losses to the cattle industry in the United States are staggering, reaching $1.5 billion annually. A potential pathogenic role in humans in the etiology of Crohn's disease is under investigation. In this article, we review the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnostics, and disease control measures of this important veterinary pathogen. We emphasize molecular genetic aspects including the description of markers used for strain identification, diagnostics, and phylogenetic analysis. Recent important advances in the development of animal models and genetic systems to study M. paratuberculosis virulence determinants are also discussed. We conclude with proposals for the applications of these models and recombinant technology to the development of diagnostic, control, and therapeutic measures.
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              Crohn's disease and the mycobacterioses: a quarter century later. Causation or simple association?

              It has been more than 25 years since Mycobacterium paratuberculosis was first proposed as an etiologic agent in Crohn's disease based on the isolation of this organism from several patients. Since that time, a great deal of information has been accumulated that clearly establishes an association between M. paratuberculosis and Crohn's disease. However, data are conflicting and difficult to interpret and the field has become divided into committed advocates and confirmed skeptics. This review is an attempt to provide a thorough and objective summary of current knowledge from both basic and clinical research from the views and interpretations of both the antagonists and proponents. The reader is left to draw his or her own conclusions related to the validity of the issues and claims made by the opposing views and data interpretations. Whether M. paratuberculosis is a causative agent in some cases or simply represents an incidental association remains a controversial topic, but current evidence suggests that the notion should not be so readily dismissed. Remaining questions that need to be addressed in defining the role of M. paratuberculosis in Crohn's disease and future implications are discussed.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Genome Announc
                Genome Announc
                ga
                ga
                GA
                Genome Announcements
                American Society for Microbiology (1752 N St., N.W., Washington, DC )
                2169-8287
                24 August 2017
                August 2017
                : 5
                : 34
                : e00870-17
                Affiliations
                [a ]Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (Federal Research Institute for Animal Health), Jena, Germany
                [b ]Department of Genome Analysis, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
                [c ]RNA Bioinformatics and High-Throughput Analysis, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Jena, Germany
                Author notes
                Address correspondence to Petra Möbius, petra.moebius@ 123456fli.de .
                Article
                genomeA00870-17
                10.1128/genomeA.00870-17
                5571421
                28839035
                444cd0a4-39c4-4004-b81f-2b54a86b9cb0
                Copyright © 2017 Möbius et al.

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.

                History
                : 12 July 2017
                : 18 July 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 13, Pages: 2, Words: 1258
                Categories
                Prokaryotes
                Custom metadata
                August 2017

                Genetics
                Genetics

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