Conducta Sexual Diurna de la Vaca Lechera Tropical Carora (Bos taurus taurus)

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Abstract

A pesar de la importancia de la conducta sexual (CS) para el manejo de programas reproductivos bajo inseminación artificial (PRBIA), los estudios en ganado Carora son escasos. En ese sentido, se estudió la CS en vacas ordeñadas dos veces al día, sin apoyo del becerro e inseminación artificial (IA) siguiendo la regla am-pm, semiestabuladas, alimentadas con forrajes locales y suplementación alimenticia, sales, agua y melaza ad libitum. Se realizó la observación visual diurna durante una hora, a intervalos de tres horas, considerándose en celo aquella hembra que aceptó quieta la monta (AQM) por una de sus compañeras. Se detectaron 134 AQM y otros signos conductuales secundarios (SCS) relacionados. Se determinó la frecuencia, proporción, horario y relación cronológica de SCS con la AQM (período periAQM). La proporción de los SCS fue: cuello uterino tónico 60,45%; presencia de moco cervical o limo 59,70%; seguida por otras vacas 52,99%; olfateada y/o lamida en zona perineal por otra vaca 52,24%; topeteos cabeza con cabeza 42,54%; grupos sexuales activos 40,30%; aceptación quieta de mentón en la grupa 36,57%; rechazo de monta 31,34%; depilaciones-excoriaciones en parte trasera 29,85%; caminar en círculos con husmeos mutuos 23,88%; entrecruzamiento de cuellos (21,64%); aceptación quieta de la monta desorientada (20,15%); apoyar mentón en grupa de otra vaca (19,40%); apoyar o aceptar apoyo del mentón en otras partes del cuerpo (16,42%); caminar nerviosa (12,69%); signo de Flehmen (8,96%); orejas erectas (8,21%); cola en bandera (6,72%); mucosa de vulva enrojecida (2,24%); bramidos (0,75%); tumefacción de vulva, micción frecuente y sangramiento visible en el metaestro no fueron detectados. El 59,70% de las AQM se detectaron en horario pm, 64,9% de los SCS se detectaron en un periodo PeriAQM de dos horas. La vaca Carora presentó una expresiva conducta sexual ventajosa para los PRBIA. Se requieren mayores estudios sobre la duración del estro y su asociación con la endocrinología reproductiva y bienestar animal.

Translated abstract

Despite the importance of sexual behavior (SB) for managing animal breeding programs under artificial insemination (ABPAI), studies in Carora cattle are scarce. In that respect, the objective was to study the SB of cows milked twice without calf support and artificial insemination (AI) with am-pm rule, halfway stabled, fed with local forages and nutritional supplementation, salt, water and molasses ad libitum. By diurnal visual observation were observed five times/day, for one hour in intervals of three, considering in heat the quiet acceptance (standing) of the mount (QAM) by one of his herd mates, were detected 134 QAM and other secondary behavioral signs (SBS) related. It was recorded the frequency, time, proportion and chronological relationship between QAM with SBS (PeriQAM period). The SBS proportion were: tonic uterine cervix 60.45%, cervical mucus presence 59.70%) followed by other cows 52.99%, sniffing and/or licking the perineal zone by another cow 52.24%, head to head butting 42.54%, sexually active groups (40.30%), accepted chin resting on rump 36.57%, rejection to mount 31.34%, alopecia by scraping or excoriation on tail head or rump 29.85%, walking in circles with mutual sniffing of the genitalia 23.88%, crosslinking necks 21.64%, standing to disoriented mounts 20.15%, supporting chin on rump of other cows (19.40%), support or accept the chin on other body parts (16.42%), agitated or nervous walking, (restlessness) (12.69%), Flehmen sign (8.96%), erect ears (8.21%), flag tail (6.72%), reddening of vulvar mucus membrane (2.24%), bellowing (0.75%); swelling of the vulva, frequent urination and visible mataestrus bleeding were not detected. The 59.70% of the QAM were detected during PM hours, 64.9% of SBS were detected on a period of two hours PeriQAM. Carora cows showed an expressive advantageous sexual behavior for ABPAI. Further studies on the duration of estrus and its association with reproductive endocrinology and animal welfare are required.

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Most cited references 31

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Reproductive loss in high-producing dairy cattle: where will it end?

M Lucy (2001)

The dairy industry in the United States has changed dramatically in the last decade. Milk production per cow has increased steadily because of a combination of improved management, better nutrition, and intense genetic selection. Dairy farms are larger, and nearly 30% of the dairy cows in the United States are on farms with 500 or more cows. The shift toward more productive cows and larger herds is associated with a decrease in reproductive efficiency. Cows with the greatest milk production have the highest incidence of infertility, but epidemiological studies suggest that, in addition to milk production, other factors are probably decreasing reproductive efficiency in our dairy herds. The reproductive physiology of dairy cows has changed over the past 50 yr, and physiological adaptations to high milk production may explain part of the reproductive decline. Critical areas for new research include control of the estrous cycle, metabolic effects of lactation on reproduction, mechanisms linking disease to reproduction, and early embryonic mortality. Solving reproductive loss in dairy cows will not be easy because only a small number of research groups study reproduction in postpartum dairy cows. Therefore, the present research base will need to be expanded. For this to occur, research funding must be increased above its current level and a renewed emphasis must be placed on solving the emerging crisis of infertility in dairy cows.